Anatomy of the heart

Question 1

What are the layers of the heart?

Answer 1

1. endocardium
2. myocardium
3. pericardium (visceral pericardium, pericardial space, parietal pericardial sac)

Question 2

Endocardium

Answer 2

-inside, lines the chambers of the heart
-is continuous with the blood vessels made of simple squamous epithelium
-make a smooth friction-free surface

Question 3

myocardium

Answer 3

-cardiac muscle layer, middle layer

Question 4

pericardium

Answer 4

-outermost layer made of serous membrane which is made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

visceral pericardium

Answer 5

-like saran wrap, made of serous membrane

Question 6

pericardial space

Answer 6

forms sac/balloon

Question 7

parietal pericardium (pericardial sac)

Answer 7

-made of fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

The heart is located where?

Answer 8

-enclosed in the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax between the two lungs
-approx. 2/3th of the mass lies to the left of the midsternal line

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

-broad, flat from which great vessels emerge, is directed toward the right of the shoulder

Question 10

Apex

Answer 10

-the heart more pointed end, extends slightly to the left and rests on the diaphragm

Question 11

anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 11

-a shallow groove that runs down the anterior side of the heart between the two ventricles and contains an artery by the same name.

Question 12

posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 12

-a shallow groove also runs down the posterior side of the heart between the two ventricles and contains an artery by the same name

Question 13

atrioventricular sulcus

Answer 13

-another shallow groove runs between the atrium and ventricles and is called this

Question 14

Right and Left atrium

Answer 14

-two superiorly placed chambers
-total of 4 chambers to the human heart

Question 15

Right and Left ventricle

Answer 15

-two inferiorly placed chambers

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

-blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, they are usually blue in color because they contain deoxygenated blood

Question 17

arteries

Answer 17

-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, they are usually red in color because they contain oxygenated blood

Question 18

superior vena cava

Answer 18

-major vein that carries blood back to the right atrium, this vein drains the head, arms, and upper chest

Question 19

inferior vena cava

Answer 19

-major vein that carries blood back to the right atrium, this vein drains the blood from the legs, abdominopelvic region, and lower chest

Question 20

coronary sinus

Answer 20

-the vein that drains the blood from the heart muscle itself is

Question 21

Aorta

Answer 21

-where the blood exits the left ventricle by the aorta

Question 22

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 22

-the blood vessels that carry blood away from the right ventricle are the pulmonary trunk
-It branches into the right pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery
-the arteries are blue b/c they carry deoxygenated blood that leads away from the heart and travels to the lungs where they release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen
-four blood vessels carry blood from the lungs back to the left atrium, the two are the right and left pulmonary veins. These veins are red because they carry oxygenated blood

Question 23

tricuspid valve

Answer 23

-the right atrium is separated from the right ventricle by this

Question 24

bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

Answer 24

-the left atrium is separated from the left ventricle

Question 25

Blow flows from the right ventricle through the __________ into the pulmonary artery

Answer 25

pulmonary valve

Question 26

Blood flows from the left ventricle through the ___________ into the aorta

Answer 26

aortic valve

Question 27

chordae tendinae

Answer 27

-to anchor the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid), are tiny chords that attach each cusp to finger-like muscles called papillary muscle

Question 28

Aorta is divided into three parts

Answer 28

1. ascending
2. aortic arch
3. descending aorta

Question 29

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 29

-the first branch on the aorta that leads to the right arm and right side of the head

Question 30

left common carotid artery

Answer 30

-the second branch on the aorta that leads to the left side of the head

Question 31

left subclavian artery

Answer 31

-third branch that leads to the left arm

Question 32

Right and Left coronary arteries

Answer 32

-two branches off the aortic arch that supply blood to the heart muscle

Question 33

Right coronary artery

Answer 33

-splits into two branches called the marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

Question 34

Left coronary artery

Answer 34

-splits into two branches called the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
-these blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium, if they become blocked a myocardial infraction could occur
-the deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium by the cardiac veins that drain into the coronary sinus

Question 35

endocardium

Answer 35

-the innermost layer of the heart that comes in contact with the blood

Question 36

myocardium

Answer 36

-the bulk of the heart is the middle layer, this layer contains the muscle that contracts to push the blood through the circulatory system

Question 37

visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Answer 37

-the outermost layer of the heart is surrounded by a serous membrane that is divided into two parts, the layer that makes up the outer surface is called this

Question 38

parietal pericardium

Answer 38

-the serous membrane that lines the pericardial cavity that houses the heart