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Anatomy and Physology II Lab > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the respiratory system

A

-temperature regulation
-buffer/pH of the body
-remove C02
- allow the ability to talk
-bring in O2

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2
Q

vestibules

A

-space in the nostril

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3
Q

nasal septum

A

-lined with the mucosal membrane
-separates the right and left airways of the nasal cavity dividing the two nostrils
-contains septal cartilage and bony septum

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4
Q

Septal cartilage

A

composed of hyaline cartilage that provides structural support to the nasal cavity and midface

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5
Q

Bony septum

A

-consist of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly extending to the cribriform plate and vomer inferiorly

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6
Q

nasal conchae

A

-consist of superior, middle, and inferior
-ridges/bumps (thin bony scroll shaped) on the nasal septum (R, and L), mucus membrane on top
-provides a path for air to pass
-job to warm and conditioned air

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7
Q

nasal meatus

A
  • meatus: tube-like opening in the bone
    -job to warm and condition air, airflow direction, and filtering air inhaled through the nose
    –located underneath the nasal conchae
    -there is a superior, inferior, and middle
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8
Q

internal (posterior) nares

A

-also called choanae or posterior nasal apertures
-exit point for air out of the nasal cavity

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9
Q

palates

A

-located on the floor of the nasal cavity
-contains a hard and soft palate

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10
Q

hard palate

A

-its underlying bony structure consists of palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plate of palatine bb.
- makes up 2/3rds of the palate

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11
Q

soft palate

A

-uvula
-made of stratified squamous epithelium with secretory salivary glands
-very flexible, no bone

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12
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses

A
  • frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid , maxillary
    -they are mucus lined, holes that help lighten the skull pressure and condition the air
    -helps trap debris, moisten and provides resonance
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13
Q

hyoid bone

A

-only non-articulate bone
-broke only when strangled
-a series of hyaline cartilage
-located in the neck, horseshoe-shaped bones, superior to the larynx

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14
Q

pharynx

A

-throat
-contains nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
-hollow tube starts behind the nose, goes down the neck, and ends at the top of the trachea and esophagus
-its job is to carry air, food, and fluid down from the nose and mouth

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15
Q

nasopharynx

A

-air is entering here
-upper part of the pharynx
-job is to connect your nasal passage to the rest of your respiratory system

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16
Q

oropharynx

A

-part of the pharynx that lies between the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx
-allows air, food, and fluid to pass through, theoretically should only be air

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17
Q

laryngopharynx

A

-located below the oropharynx
-allows food and air through

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18
Q

larynx

A

-called the voicebox
-contains the epiglottis, glottis, and cartilages (9)
-hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans/mammals
-job is to protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing

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19
Q

epiglottis

A

-single upper flap, closes when swallowing to cover the larynx and protects the trachea
-made of elastic cartilage

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20
Q

glottis

A

-opening between vocal cords
-on the model, it is two white ridges (vocal cords)
-where air passes through, can close and expands
-job is sound production

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21
Q

What are the 6 laryngeal cartilages?

A
  1. thyroid (laryngeal prominence located there) (Adam’s apple)
  2. epiglottal
  3. cricoid (hyaline cartilage ring, fully encircles trachea)
  4. arytenoid (2) (help move vocal chord allowing relaxation)
  5. corniculate (2) (pointy tip connected to arytenoid)
  6. cuneiform (2) (helps hold vocal cords in place)

9 in total

22
Q

What are the three unpaired laryngeal cartilages

A
  1. thyroid cartilage
  2. cricoid cartilage
  3. epiglottal cartilage
23
Q

vocal cords (folds)

A

-folds of membranous tissue that project inward from the sides of the larynx to form a slit across the glottis
-when edges vibrate they produce your voice
-these are the true cords

24
Q

vestibular folds (false cords)

A

-smaller, superior to the true vocal cords, located above the true vocal cords
-shown with white paint
-no blood supply so tissues look white on a person

25
Q

trachea

A

-windpipe
-contains C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings, trachealis muscle, carina
-the airway that leads from the larynx to the bronchi
-job is to carry oxygen-rich blood to lungs

26
Q

C-shaped hyaline cartilage

A

-sit anteriorly, the backside of this is a muscle called trachealis
-they expand, contract, and flex
-located in trachea

27
Q

trachealis muscle

A

-muscle that bridges the gap of the c-shaped hyaline cartilage

28
Q

carina (tracheal bifurcation)

A

-where the windpipe split into the bronchi

29
Q

what does the light blue color on the model indicate

A

hyaline cartilage

30
Q

Bronchial tree

A

-contains the primary (main bronchi) (R and L), secondary (Lobar) bronchi, and Tertiary (segmental) bronchi
-job is to distribute air into the lungs

31
Q

primary (main) bronchi

A

-left and right main bronchi in the upper portion of your lungs
-right bronchi is straight, this is where people aspirate it usually goes to the right side

32
Q

secondary (lobar) bronchi

A

-near the middle of your lungs, first subdivision of primary bronchi
- there are 3 right secondary (lobar) bronchi
-there are 2 left secondary (lobar) bronchi

33
Q

Tertiary (segmental) branch

A
  • R and L branches that are multicolored on the model
34
Q

Lungs

A

-have a base, apex, and surface (costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic)
- job is to facilitate gas exchange from the environment into the bloodstream
-located on each side of your heart in your chest cavity

35
Q

Right lung is divided into how many lobes

A

three lobes (sections)

36
Q

Left lung is divided into how many lobes

A

two lobes (sections)

37
Q

base of the lung

A

-bottom part up against the diaphragm (inferior region)

38
Q

apex of the lung

A

-pointy part of the lung (superior region)

39
Q

costal surface of the lung

A

-faces the ribcage

40
Q

mediastinal surface of the lung

A

-faces the mediastinum (space in-between lungs, where heart is)

41
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the lung

A

-located under the mediastinal surface of the lung (underside)

42
Q

cardiac notch

A

-on left lung, a white spot
-a concavity of the lung that forms to accommodate the heart

43
Q

hilum (hilus)

A

Wedge-shaped region within mediastinal surface where secondary bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels & nerves attach

44
Q

lobes

A

-right has superior, middle, and inferior
-left has superior, and inferior

45
Q

fissures

A

-spaces which separate the lobes
-there are right fissures (horizontal and oblique-points downward here)
-there are left fissures (oblique-goes across)

46
Q

pleurae

A

-serous membrane made of simple squamous
-three layers (parietal, visceral, and pleural cavity (space))

47
Q

parietal pleura of the lung

A

-lines the thoracic cavity walls

48
Q

visceral pleura of the lung

A

-membrane over lung surface- plastic wrap

49
Q

pleural cavity (space) of the lung

A

-space filled with fluid (serous fluid)
-adds protection (shock, friction), fluid is on the outside to help lungs inflate

50
Q

diaphragm

A

-bell-shaped muscle, helps you breath
-inhale: contract down, increases space
- exhale: push up, and relax
-if you damage phrenic nerve you will not be able to breath

Anatomy and Physology II Lab (13 decks)

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