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Anatomy and Physology II Lab > Anatomy of the digestive system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Lips

A

-prehension of food, keeping food in mouth

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2
Q

oral (buccal cavity)

A

-contains the vestibule, gingivae, and palates
-also called mouth
-main function is talking and eating

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3
Q

vestibule

A

-space between the soft tissue, teeth, and gums

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4
Q

gingivae

A

gums

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5
Q

palates

A

-there are hard and soft palates
-the soft palate is the uvula

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6
Q

pharynx

A

-contains oropharynx and laryngopharynx
-carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx

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7
Q

oropharynx

A

-back of the oral cavity between the soft palate and hyoid bone

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8
Q

laryngopharynx

A

-behind the nasal cavity
-refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus.

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9
Q

esophagus

A

-muscular tube, posterior to the trachea
-official site of peristalsis
-transfer food to the stomach

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10
Q

gastroesophageal junction with lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

ex; cardiac sphincter
-ring of skeletal muscle that can tighten and relax, allowing food into the stomach
-1st of a series of valves in GI tract, that help compartmentalize for digestion

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11
Q

stomach

A

-contains regions, curvatures, omenta, and rugae
-churns food with walls and acidifies food plus cleans food with enzymes

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12
Q

regions of the stomach

A

-cardiac: the part of the stomach that is closest to the esophagus
-fundus: dome-shaped section at the top of the stomach
- corpus (body): largest section of your stomach
-pylorus: the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum

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13
Q

Curvatures of the stomach

A

-There is a greater and lesser curve
- on the curvatures, omenta are attached

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14
Q

omenta of the stomach

A
  • There is a greater and lesser
    -connective tissue, fat, and adipose tissue
    -a double layer of fatty tissue that covers and supports the intestines and organs in the lower abdomen.
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15
Q

rugae of the stomach

A

-folds in the stomach that allow the stomach to expand
-muscular bumpy lining

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16
Q

gastroduodenal junction with pyloric sphincter

A

-the boundary between the pyloric stomach (left) and the duodenum (right) of the small intestine.
- pyloric sphincter is assisted in forming a tight seal at the gastroduodenal junction

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17
Q

small intestine

A

-has regions and mesentery, and ileocecal sphincter (valve)

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18
Q

duodenum of the small intestine

A
  • upper portion of the small intestine
    -food mixed with stomach acid is moved here to be mixed with bile and digestive juices
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19
Q

jejunum of the small intestine

A

-makes up the second part of the small intestine
-function is to absorb sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids

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20
Q

ileum of the small intestine

A

-the last part of the small intestine, connects to the cecum
-helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestines

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21
Q

mesentery of the small intestine

A

-fold of membranes that attach the intestine to the abdominal wall

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22
Q

ileocecal sphincter (valve)

A

-end of the small intestine, regulate flow from the small intestine into the large intestine
-situated at the junction of the ileum and the colon

23
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

-long tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other
- contains 4 parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

24
Q

cecum of the large intestine

A

-a pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine
-appendix hangs off here

25
Q

vermiform appendix

A

-an important part of the immune system with a distinct function in the GALT different from lymphoid tissue in other parts of the intestine

26
Q

ascending colon of the large intestine

A

-role is to absorb water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material solidifying it to from stool

27
Q

right colic (hepatic) flexure of the large intestine

A

-located next to the liver
-the sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

28
Q

transverse colon of the large intestine

A

-segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdomen
-plays a big role in the digestion and excretion of waste product

29
Q

left colic (splenic) flexure of the large intestine

A

-is the bend of the large intestine in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen as the transverse colon continues as the descending colon

30
Q

descending colon of the large intestine

A

-stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum
-turns into sigmoid colon

31
Q

sigmoid colon of the large intestine

A

-looks like the letter s
-it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use th bathroom

32
Q

sigmoid colon of the large intestine

A

-looks like the letter s
-it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use the bathroom

33
Q

haustra of the large intestine

A

-pouch/pocket formed when the line of smooth muscle contracts
-gives the colon its segmented appearance

34
Q

taenia coli of the large intestine

A

-line of muscle that makes the haustra

35
Q

mesocolon of the large intestine

A

-mesentery membrane of the large intestine
- provides a major avenue for spread of disease between the abdominal cavity and the pelvis

36
Q

Rectum

A

-rectum receives fecal matter from descending colon just before excretion
-located just at the end of your colon on the other side of your anal canal

37
Q

Anal canal

A

-contains anal sphincters (internal and external), and anus
-connects the rectum to the anus, has anal sphincters (muscles) that relax when letting waste out

38
Q

teeth

A

incisors: 4 upper and lower used for grabbing food
canines (cuspids): side/lateral to incisors
premolars (bicuspids): chewing teeth
molars: chewing teeth
-are considered an accessory organ to digestion

39
Q

tongue

A

-contains papillae which are taste buds (umami, bitter, sweet, salty)
-facilitating the movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing. Other important functions include speech and taste
–are considered an accessory organ to digestion

40
Q

salivary glands

A

-helps produce saliva, starch digestion (amylase)
-contains parotoid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

41
Q

parotoid glands

A

-in front of the ear (biggest) gland, lobular looks like gland

42
Q

sublingual glands

A

-located under the tongue
-smallest of the three glands

43
Q

submandibular glands

A

-2nd largest gland
-located under the mandible

44
Q

Liver

A

-makes bile, emulsifies fat (breakdown), converts glucose to glycogen, and recycles RBC
-contains lobes, hepatic ducts, and falciform I.
-Lobes: right, left caudate, quadrate

45
Q

Right lobe of liver

A

-this lobe is larger than the left, it had four sections

46
Q

left lobe of the liver

A

-is smaller and more flatten

47
Q

caudate lobe of the liver

A

-located between the left and right lobes in an anterior and superior location

48
Q

quadrant lobe of the liver

A

-located on the inferior (under) surface of the right lobe

49
Q

Falciform I.

A

-a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall and divides the liver into the left lobe and right lobe

50
Q

Gallbladder

A

-where bile is stored
-contains regions, rugae, and cystic ducts
-regions: fundus (buldge), body (middle), tail
-the rugae are the bumps inside
-the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder

51
Q

pancreas

A

-is an organ and a gland, the pancreas produced enzymes and sends out hormones
-regions: head, neck, body, tail
- main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)

52
Q

main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)

A

-looks like a fishbone
-contains digestive juices and enzymes are fed into the duct and then into the duodenum to be released

53
Q

peritoneum

A

-visceral
-parietal

54
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

-in between where fluid accumulates

Anatomy and Physology II Lab (13 decks)

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