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Anatomy and Physology II Lab > Anatomy of the digestive system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Lips

A

-prehension of food, keeping food in mouth

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2
Q

oral (buccal cavity)

A

-contains the vestibule, gingivae, and palates
-also called mouth
-main function is talking and eating

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3
Q

vestibule

A

-space between the soft tissue, teeth, and gums

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4
Q

gingivae

A

gums

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5
Q

palates

A

-there are hard and soft palates
-the soft palate is the uvula

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6
Q

pharynx

A

-contains oropharynx and laryngopharynx
-carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx

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7
Q

oropharynx

A

-back of the oral cavity between the soft palate and hyoid bone

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8
Q

laryngopharynx

A

-behind the nasal cavity
-refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus.

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9
Q

esophagus

A

-muscular tube, posterior to the trachea
-official site of peristalsis
-transfer food to the stomach

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10
Q

gastroesophageal junction with lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

ex; cardiac sphincter
-ring of skeletal muscle that can tighten and relax, allowing food into the stomach
-1st of a series of valves in GI tract, that help compartmentalize for digestion

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11
Q

stomach

A

-contains regions, curvatures, omenta, and rugae
-churns food with walls and acidifies food plus cleans food with enzymes

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12
Q

regions of the stomach

A

-cardiac: the part of the stomach that is closest to the esophagus
-fundus: dome-shaped section at the top of the stomach
- corpus (body): largest section of your stomach
-pylorus: the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum

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13
Q

Curvatures of the stomach

A

-There is a greater and lesser curve
- on the curvatures, omenta are attached

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14
Q

omenta of the stomach

A
  • There is a greater and lesser
    -connective tissue, fat, and adipose tissue
    -a double layer of fatty tissue that covers and supports the intestines and organs in the lower abdomen.
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15
Q

rugae of the stomach

A

-folds in the stomach that allow the stomach to expand
-muscular bumpy lining

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16
Q

gastroduodenal junction with pyloric sphincter

A

-the boundary between the pyloric stomach (left) and the duodenum (right) of the small intestine.
- pyloric sphincter is assisted in forming a tight seal at the gastroduodenal junction

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17
Q

small intestine

A

-has regions and mesentery, and ileocecal sphincter (valve)

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18
Q

duodenum of the small intestine

A
  • upper portion of the small intestine
    -food mixed with stomach acid is moved here to be mixed with bile and digestive juices
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19
Q

jejunum of the small intestine

A

-makes up the second part of the small intestine
-function is to absorb sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids

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20
Q

ileum of the small intestine

A

-the last part of the small intestine, connects to the cecum
-helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestines

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21
Q

mesentery of the small intestine

A

-fold of membranes that attach the intestine to the abdominal wall

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22
Q

ileocecal sphincter (valve)

A

-end of the small intestine, regulate flow from the small intestine into the large intestine
-situated at the junction of the ileum and the colon

23
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

-long tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other
- contains 4 parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

24
Q

cecum of the large intestine

A

-a pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine
-appendix hangs off here

25
vermiform appendix
-an important part of the immune system with a distinct function in the GALT different from lymphoid tissue in other parts of the intestine
26
ascending colon of the large intestine
-role is to absorb water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material solidifying it to from stool
27
right colic (hepatic) flexure of the large intestine
-located next to the liver -the sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon
28
transverse colon of the large intestine
-segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdomen -plays a big role in the digestion and excretion of waste product
29
left colic (splenic) flexure of the large intestine
-is the bend of the large intestine in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen as the transverse colon continues as the descending colon
30
descending colon of the large intestine
-stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum -turns into sigmoid colon
31
sigmoid colon of the large intestine
-looks like the letter s -it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use th bathroom
32
sigmoid colon of the large intestine
-looks like the letter s -it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use the bathroom
33
haustra of the large intestine
-pouch/pocket formed when the line of smooth muscle contracts -gives the colon its segmented appearance
34
taenia coli of the large intestine
-line of muscle that makes the haustra
35
mesocolon of the large intestine
-mesentery membrane of the large intestine - provides a major avenue for spread of disease between the abdominal cavity and the pelvis
36
Rectum
-rectum receives fecal matter from descending colon just before excretion -located just at the end of your colon on the other side of your anal canal
37
Anal canal
-contains anal sphincters (internal and external), and anus -connects the rectum to the anus, has anal sphincters (muscles) that relax when letting waste out
38
teeth
incisors: 4 upper and lower used for grabbing food canines (cuspids): side/lateral to incisors premolars (bicuspids): chewing teeth molars: chewing teeth -are considered an accessory organ to digestion
39
tongue
-contains papillae which are taste buds (umami, bitter, sweet, salty) -facilitating the movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing. Other important functions include speech and taste --are considered an accessory organ to digestion
40
salivary glands
-helps produce saliva, starch digestion (amylase) -contains parotoid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
41
parotoid glands
-in front of the ear (biggest) gland, lobular looks like gland
42
sublingual glands
-located under the tongue -smallest of the three glands
43
submandibular glands
-2nd largest gland -located under the mandible
44
Liver
-makes bile, emulsifies fat (breakdown), converts glucose to glycogen, and recycles RBC -contains lobes, hepatic ducts, and falciform I. -Lobes: right, left caudate, quadrate
45
Right lobe of liver
-this lobe is larger than the left, it had four sections
46
left lobe of the liver
-is smaller and more flatten
47
caudate lobe of the liver
-located between the left and right lobes in an anterior and superior location
48
quadrant lobe of the liver
-located on the inferior (under) surface of the right lobe
49
Falciform I.
-a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall and divides the liver into the left lobe and right lobe
50
Gallbladder
-where bile is stored -contains regions, rugae, and cystic ducts -regions: fundus (buldge), body (middle), tail -the rugae are the bumps inside -the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder
51
pancreas
-is an organ and a gland, the pancreas produced enzymes and sends out hormones -regions: head, neck, body, tail - main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
52
main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
-looks like a fishbone -contains digestive juices and enzymes are fed into the duct and then into the duodenum to be released
53
peritoneum
-visceral -parietal
54
peritoneal cavity
-in between where fluid accumulates

Anatomy and Physology II Lab (13 decks)

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