Anatomy of the digestive system Flashcards
Lips
-prehension of food, keeping food in mouth
oral (buccal cavity)
-contains the vestibule, gingivae, and palates
-also called mouth
-main function is talking and eating
vestibule
-space between the soft tissue, teeth, and gums
gingivae
gums
palates
-there are hard and soft palates
-the soft palate is the uvula
pharynx
-contains oropharynx and laryngopharynx
-carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx
oropharynx
-back of the oral cavity between the soft palate and hyoid bone
laryngopharynx
-behind the nasal cavity
-refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus.
esophagus
-muscular tube, posterior to the trachea
-official site of peristalsis
-transfer food to the stomach
gastroesophageal junction with lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
ex; cardiac sphincter
-ring of skeletal muscle that can tighten and relax, allowing food into the stomach
-1st of a series of valves in GI tract, that help compartmentalize for digestion
stomach
-contains regions, curvatures, omenta, and rugae
-churns food with walls and acidifies food plus cleans food with enzymes
regions of the stomach
-cardiac: the part of the stomach that is closest to the esophagus
-fundus: dome-shaped section at the top of the stomach
- corpus (body): largest section of your stomach
-pylorus: the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum
Curvatures of the stomach
-There is a greater and lesser curve
- on the curvatures, omenta are attached
omenta of the stomach
- There is a greater and lesser
-connective tissue, fat, and adipose tissue
-a double layer of fatty tissue that covers and supports the intestines and organs in the lower abdomen.
rugae of the stomach
-folds in the stomach that allow the stomach to expand
-muscular bumpy lining
gastroduodenal junction with pyloric sphincter
-the boundary between the pyloric stomach (left) and the duodenum (right) of the small intestine.
- pyloric sphincter is assisted in forming a tight seal at the gastroduodenal junction
small intestine
-has regions and mesentery, and ileocecal sphincter (valve)
duodenum of the small intestine
- upper portion of the small intestine
-food mixed with stomach acid is moved here to be mixed with bile and digestive juices
jejunum of the small intestine
-makes up the second part of the small intestine
-function is to absorb sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids
ileum of the small intestine
-the last part of the small intestine, connects to the cecum
-helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other parts of the small intestines
mesentery of the small intestine
-fold of membranes that attach the intestine to the abdominal wall
ileocecal sphincter (valve)
-end of the small intestine, regulate flow from the small intestine into the large intestine
-situated at the junction of the ileum and the colon
Large intestine (colon)
-long tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other
- contains 4 parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
cecum of the large intestine
-a pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine
-appendix hangs off here
vermiform appendix
-an important part of the immune system with a distinct function in the GALT different from lymphoid tissue in other parts of the intestine
ascending colon of the large intestine
-role is to absorb water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material solidifying it to from stool
right colic (hepatic) flexure of the large intestine
-located next to the liver
-the sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon
transverse colon of the large intestine
-segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdomen
-plays a big role in the digestion and excretion of waste product
left colic (splenic) flexure of the large intestine
-is the bend of the large intestine in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen as the transverse colon continues as the descending colon
descending colon of the large intestine
-stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum
-turns into sigmoid colon
sigmoid colon of the large intestine
-looks like the letter s
-it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use th bathroom
sigmoid colon of the large intestine
-looks like the letter s
-it is connected to your rectum, and part of the body where fecal matter stays until you use the bathroom
haustra of the large intestine
-pouch/pocket formed when the line of smooth muscle contracts
-gives the colon its segmented appearance
taenia coli of the large intestine
-line of muscle that makes the haustra
mesocolon of the large intestine
-mesentery membrane of the large intestine
- provides a major avenue for spread of disease between the abdominal cavity and the pelvis
Rectum
-rectum receives fecal matter from descending colon just before excretion
-located just at the end of your colon on the other side of your anal canal
Anal canal
-contains anal sphincters (internal and external), and anus
-connects the rectum to the anus, has anal sphincters (muscles) that relax when letting waste out
teeth
incisors: 4 upper and lower used for grabbing food
canines (cuspids): side/lateral to incisors
premolars (bicuspids): chewing teeth
molars: chewing teeth
-are considered an accessory organ to digestion
tongue
-contains papillae which are taste buds (umami, bitter, sweet, salty)
-facilitating the movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing. Other important functions include speech and taste
–are considered an accessory organ to digestion
salivary glands
-helps produce saliva, starch digestion (amylase)
-contains parotoid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
parotoid glands
-in front of the ear (biggest) gland, lobular looks like gland
sublingual glands
-located under the tongue
-smallest of the three glands
submandibular glands
-2nd largest gland
-located under the mandible
Liver
-makes bile, emulsifies fat (breakdown), converts glucose to glycogen, and recycles RBC
-contains lobes, hepatic ducts, and falciform I.
-Lobes: right, left caudate, quadrate
Right lobe of liver
-this lobe is larger than the left, it had four sections
left lobe of the liver
-is smaller and more flatten
caudate lobe of the liver
-located between the left and right lobes in an anterior and superior location
quadrant lobe of the liver
-located on the inferior (under) surface of the right lobe
Falciform I.
-a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall and divides the liver into the left lobe and right lobe
Gallbladder
-where bile is stored
-contains regions, rugae, and cystic ducts
-regions: fundus (buldge), body (middle), tail
-the rugae are the bumps inside
-the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder
pancreas
-is an organ and a gland, the pancreas produced enzymes and sends out hormones
-regions: head, neck, body, tail
- main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
-looks like a fishbone
-contains digestive juices and enzymes are fed into the duct and then into the duodenum to be released
peritoneum
-visceral
-parietal
peritoneal cavity
-in between where fluid accumulates
