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Anatomy and Physology II Lab > Hormones and their functions > Flashcards

Hormones and their functions Flashcards

1
Q

growth hormone (GH) cell type

A

somatotrophs

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2
Q

growth hormone (GH): targets organ

A

liver, muscle, bone

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3
Q

growth hormone (GH): function/action

A

-stimulates somatic growth
-mobilize fat/spares glucose
-increase in protein synthesis
-an anabolic hormone with metabolic and growth-promoting action

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4
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): cell type

A

thyrotrophs

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5
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): target organs

A

thyroid gland

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6
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): function/action

A

-promotes the release of thyroid hormone (normal development and secretory activity)

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7
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): cell type

A

corticotrophs

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): target organ

A

adrenal cortex

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): function/action

A

-release of glucocorticoids and androgens
-minor stimulation of mineralocorticoid release
-helps the body resist stress

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10
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): cell type

A

melanotrophs

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11
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): target organ

A

unknown target

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12
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): function/action

A

-trasmitter = apettite control in humans
-production and distribution of melanin in amphibians –> same function in humans

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13
Q

Prolactin (PRL): cell type

A

-lactotrophs (mammotrophs)

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14
Q

Prolactin (PRL): organ target

A

mammary glands

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15
Q

Prolactin (PRL): function /action

A

-promotes lactation
-in males not understood

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16
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): cell type

A

gonadotrophs

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17
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): target organ

A

ovaries and testes

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18
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): function/action

A

-stimulate ovarian follicle maturation
-production of estrogen
-in males stimulate sperm

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19
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH): cell type

A

gonadotrophs

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20
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH): target organs

A

ovaries

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21
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH): function/action

A

-in females trigger ovulation and stimulate estrogen and progesterone production

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22
Q

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH): cell type

A

gonadotrophs

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23
Q

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH): target organ

A

-testes

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24
Q

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH): function/action

A

-stimulate hormones in interstitial cells to produce testosterone

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25
Oxytocin (OT): cell type
neurons of the paraventricular nucleus
26
Oxytocin (OT): target organ
uterus and breast
27
Oxytocin (OT): function/action
-in the uterus stimulates uterine contractions, initiates labor, and minor stimulation of contraction of all smooth muscle -in breast initiates milk ejection
28
antidiuretic hormone (ADH): cell type
neurons of the supraoptic nucleus
29
antidiuretic hormone (ADH): target organ
kidneys
30
antidiuretic hormone (ADH): function/action
-in kidneys stimulate kidney tubules to reabsorb water from the forming urine back into the blood -inhibits/prevents urine formation -helps water balance
31
thyroid hormone (TH): cell type
follicular cells
32
thyroid hormone (TH): target organ
most tissues, stimulate most metabolic ways
33
thyroid hormone (TH): function/action
-increase metabolic rate -regulate growth and development of tissue -maintain BP
34
calcitonin (CT): cell type
parafollicular or clear cells
35
calcitonin (CT): target organ
skeleton bone
36
calcitonin (CT): function/action
-reuptake of calcium inhibition and reabsorption -decrease blood calcium levels
37
parathyroid hormone (PTH): cell type
chief (principle cell)
38
parathyroid hormone (PTH): target organ
skeleton
39
parathyroid hormone (PTH): function/action
-controls calcium balance in the blood -increases calcium level -liberates calcium from the blood -stimulates the digestion of calcium matrix in bone
40
thymosin and thymopoietin: cell type
thymocytes
41
thymosin and thymopoietin: target organ
thymus/ bone marrow
42
thymosin and thymopoietin: function/action
-stimulates leucopoiesis (white BC development)
43
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone): cell type
cells of the zona glumerulosa
44
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone): target organ
kidneys and tubules
45
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone): function/action
-increase sodium reabsorption
46
glucocorticoids (cortisol): cell type
cells of the zona fasciculata
47
glucocorticoids (cortisol): target organ
body cells, most tissues
48
glucocorticoids (cortisol): function/action
-mobilize fat for energy -protein catabolism -stimulate glucogenesis assist in body to resist in stressors, depress immune response -vasoconstriction and anti-inflammatory
49
gonadocorticoids (androgen and estradiols): cell type
cells of the zona reticularis
50
gonadocorticoids (androgen and estradiols): target organ
tissues involved in development
51
gonadocorticoids (androgen and estradiols): function/action
-contributes to female libido, development of pubic hair, axillary hair -in females increase in the production of sex hormones -weak influence on sexual development in males
52
Epinephrine (EP): target organ
cardiovascular and muscular system
53
Epinephrine (EP): cell type
chromaffin cells (type of neuron)
54
Epinephrine (EP): function/action
-most potent stimulator of metabolic activities -dilator of small airways (increase breathing rate) -used as a heat stimulant, brief responses -increases heart rate, glucose levels, and BP
55
norepinephrine (NE): cell type
adrenergic sympathetic neurons
56
norepinephrine (NE): target organ
affect as a neurotransmitter, sympathetic nervous system
57
norepinephrine (NE): function/action
-greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure, brief responses -similar to epinephrine both work together
58
insulin: target organ
-muscle and fat tissue
59
insulin: cell type
B cells of the islets of langerhans
60
insulin: function/action
-lower blood glucose (decrease) binds to cells and open pathway for glucose to be allowed in
61
glucagon: cell type
alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
62
glucagon: target organ
-liver
63
glucagon: function/action
-potent hypoglycemic agent -increase blood glucose by liberating glucose from glycogen storage
64
estrogen: cell type
follicular cells of the maturing follicle
65
estrogen: target organ
reproductive organs
66
estrogen: function/action
-maintains 2nd sexual characteristics and maintains pregnancy -stimulates lactation, ovulation (gamete, egg) development -stimulates development of reproductive organs
67
progesterone: cell type
follicular cells of the corpus luteum
68
progesterone: target organ
-uterus
69
progesterone function/action
-stimulates maintenance of pregnancy -establishes and controls uterine cycle (in concert with estrogen)
70
testosterone: cell type
-interstitial cells of Leydig
71
testosterone: target organ
testes
72
testosterone: function action
-stimulate secondary sexual characteristics in males -sperm development
73
melatonin: cell type
pinealocytes
74
melatonin: target organ
unknown -but could be optic center in brain/light process sensing centers in brain
75
melatonin: function/action
regulation of circadian rhythms
76
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): cell type
cells of the chorionic villi
77
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): target organ
-corpus luteum and ovaries
78
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): function/action
-stimulates the production of progesterone to maintain pregnancy similar to LH hormone
79
human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS): target organ aka "human placental lactogen (hPL)"
breast
80
human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS): cell type
cells of the chorionic villi
81
human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS): function/action
-stimulates maturation of mammary glands for lactation -similar to hormone GH
82
human chorionic thyrotropin (hCT): cell type
cells of the chorionic villi
83
human chorionic thyrotropin (hCT): function/action
stimulates increased metabolic rate throughout pregnancy -similar to hormone TSH
84
human chorionic thyrotropin (hCT): target organ
thyroid gland
85
relaxin: cell type
cells of the chorionic villi
86
relaxin: target organ
pubic symphasis
87
relaxin: function/action
-cause pelvic ligaments to relax and widen become more flexible -prepares for parturition -similar to insulin
88
steroid hormones
-dervied from cholesterol -functional group (4-ringed hydro-carbon backbone -examples are corticosteroids from adrenal glands and the sex hormones
89
examples of steroid hormones
-mineralcorticoids (aldosteron) -glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) -gonadocorticoids (androgens-testosterone) and (estradiols-estrogen + progesterone)
90
Peptide hormones
-a chain of amino acids -synthesized as all proteins are (1. gene transcribed from DNA to form mRNA then ribosomes translate mRNA to proteins (a peptide chain)
91
Examples of peptide hormones
-oligopeptides (OT, ADH, CCK) -polypeptides (GH, ACTH, PRL, MSH, CT) -glycoproteins (TSH, FSH, LH, EPO, hCG, hCS, hCT)
92
monoamines
-synthesized from specific amino acids
93
examples of monoamines
tryptophan--> melatonin tyrosine--> catecholamines (EP, NE, TH, DA)

Anatomy and Physology II Lab (13 decks)

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