Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physology II Lab > Anatomy of the Urinary system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney

A

-located in abdominopelvic region (retroperitoneal-exterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

capsules

A

-encloses the kidney
-made of fibrous, connective tissue with some adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

renal cortex

A

-contains renal columns which is where cortex regions push into the center
-connective tissue extension that radiates downward from the cortex to the medulla
-separates the renal pyramids and renal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

renal medullary

A

-where the medullary pyramids are found
-they are separated into 8-12 conical regions
-this is where waste and collection occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

base of medullary pyramid

A

-found at the corticomedullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Papilla of medullary pyramids

A

-located at minor renal calyces (point of pyramid)
-has a sieve like appearance where it collects and channels the urine droplets into the calyx that empties into the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Minor renal calyces

A

-surrounds the renal papillae of each pyramid and collects urine from that pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

major renal calyces

A
  • from here the urine flows into the renal pelvis
    -they unite to form the renal pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

renal pelvis

A

-the area of the center of the kidney
-urine is collected here and funneled into the ureter (connects the kidney to the bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nephron

A

-active functional unit of the kidney
-consist of the glomerulus and its associated renal tubule
-plays a role in the filtration and purification of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

renal corpuscle

A

-consist of the glomerular (bowman’s capsule)
-the blood-filtering component of the nephron, located in the renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

-is a part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sac surrounding the glomerulus
-encloses a space called the bowman’s space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glomerulus

A

-high-pressure event, non-selective will squeeze anything out
-cluster capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule. where waste products are filtered out from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

renal tubules

A

-made of simple cuboidal epithelial
-millions of tiny tubes in the kidney that returns nutrients, fluids, and other substances filtered from the blood that the body needs back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

proximal tubule

A

consist of
-convoluted proximal tubule: segment responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and water, the first segment of the renal tubule
straight proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

loop of Henle

A

-long U shape portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney
-function is to recover water and sodium chloride from urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

distal tubule

A

-consist of
distal convoluted tubule: portion of the kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tube
distal straight tubule
-made of cuboidal epithelial
-partly responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

collecting duct

A

-the final component of the kidney that consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter
-It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blood flow through the kidney and nephron

A
  1. Abdominal aorta
  2. renal artery
  3. segmental (lobar) artery
  4. interlobar artery
  5. arcuate artery
  6. cortical radiate (interlobular) artery
  7. afferent arteriole
  8. glomerulus
  9. efferent arteriole
  10. peritubular capillaries (including vasa recta)
  11. cortical radiate (interlobular) vein
  12. arcuate vein
  13. interlobar vein
  14. renal vein
  15. inferior vena cava
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ureter

A
  • has contractions to squeeze urine
    -retroperitoneal
    -transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
  • 19-12 inches long (25-30 cm)
    -extend from the renal pelvis
  • enters the bladder near its base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

urinary bladder

A

-temporary storage reserve for urine
-located in the pelvic cavity
- a hollow muscular organ located behind the pubic symphysis
- the epithelium is transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

urethra

A

-tube that lets urine leave your bladder and your body
-longer in males and shorter in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Composition of urine

A

-water (95%)
-solutes (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is mostly in urine

A

-urea (most common nitrogen-based waste product)
-salts (NaCl, KCl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is in lesser amounts in urine

A

-phosphate ions (PO4 -3) (HPO4 -20 (H2PO4 -1)
-sulfate ions (SO4 -2)
-other nitrogenous waste (creatine, and uric acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is in trace amounts in urine

A

-Ca2+
-Mg2+
-HCO2-1

26
Q

urinalyses

A

-examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine (testing urine composition)

27
Q

color of urine

A

-pale yellow to deep amber depending on the concentration of urochrome pigments

28
Q

clasrity/transparency of urine

A

-clear not cloudy

29
Q

smell/odor of urie

A

slightly aromatic

30
Q

pH of urine

A

4.5-8.2 (usually around 6.0/ slightly acidic)

31
Q

the specific gravity of urine

A

the density of urine compared with the density of distilled water
-1.001 (dilute urine) to 1.03 (concentrated urine)

32
Q

glucose in urine

A

substance: glucose
name of condition: glycosuria
possible cause: diabetes mellitus

33
Q

hemoglobin (breakdown to urobilinogen)

A

substance: hemoglobulin
name of condition: hemoglobinuria
possible causes: transfusion reactions

34
Q

protein (albumin) in urine

A

substance: protein
name of condition: proteinuria (albuminuria)
possible causes: pregnancy

35
Q

ketones (ketone bodies)-acetoacetic acid, beta (B)- hydroxybutyric acid, acetone)

A

substance: ketones
name of condition: ketonuria
possible causes: starvation

36
Q

erythrocytes in urine

A

substance: erythrocytes
name of condition: hematuria
possible causes: menstruation

37
Q

leukocytes (WBC) in urine

A

substance: WBC
name of condition: pyuria (Pus in urine)
possible causes: urinary tract infection

38
Q

bilirubin (bile pigment) in urine

A

substance: bilirubin
name of condition: bilirubinemia
possible causes: liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)

39
Q

Casts or sediments

A

-hardened, usually cylindrical, cell fragments flushed out of the urinary tract
-could be from RBC or WBC

40
Q

Normal composition of urine

A

-average pH of 6.0
- composed of 95% water
-has urea, creatine, uric acid, urochrome

41
Q

urea

A

-waste product of amino acid breakdown

42
Q

creatine

A

-the waste product of creatine phosphate (in muscle)

43
Q

uric acid

A

-waste product of the nucleic acid breakdown

44
Q

urochrome

A

-waste product of hemoglobin breakdown

45
Q

What ions are in the normal composition of urine

A

-sodium (Na+)
- potassium (K+)
-chloride (Cl-)
-Magnesium (Mg2+)
- calcium (Ca 2+)
- ammonium ions (NH4+)

46
Q

Urine volume

A

1.5 Liters per day
-less than 1% of filtrate generated per day (180)L

47
Q

urinalysis

A

-used to diagnose a variety of clinical conditions associated with the urinary system

48
Q

protein in urine

A

name: proteinuria or albuminuria
possible cause: hypertension/ glomerulonephritis

49
Q

glucose in urine

A

Name: glycosuria
possible cause: diabetes mellitus

50
Q

erythrocytes (RBCs) in urine

A

Name: hematuria
possible causes: kidney stones or renal/bladder cancer

51
Q

Leukocytes (WBCs) in urine

A

Name: pyuria
possible causes: urinary tract infection

52
Q

ketones in urine

A

Name: ketonuria
possible causes: diabetes mellitus or starvation (or low carb diet)

53
Q

bile pigments in urine

A

-Name: bilirubinuria
possible causes: liver causes or obstruction of bile ducts

54
Q

hemoglobin in urine

A

Name: hemoglobinuria
possible causes: hemolytic anemia

55
Q

trigone

A

-smooth triangular region upon the inner lining of the base of the urinary bladder outlined by the openings of the ureters and urethra

56
Q

Layers of the urinary bladder

A
  1. epithelium
  2. smooth muscle (detrusor muscle)
  3. fibrous adventitia (or peritoneum)
57
Q

Internal urethra sphincter

A

-located around the opening of the urethra
-involuntary/ controlled by the autonomic nervous system
-prevents leaking (dribbling) between voiding

58
Q

External urethra sphincter

A

-located 2 cm below the internal sphincter
-surround the urethra as it passes through the urogenital diaphragm
-formed by skeletal muscle and under conscious control

59
Q

urethra

A

-the length and function of the urethra differs in the two sexes
-extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

60
Q

Urethra in males

A

-in males, it is longer part of both the urinary and reproductive systems. It passes through the prostate glands and penis and transports urine and semen

61
Q

Urethra in females

A

-transports urine only

62
Q

Urethral orifice

A

-opening of the urethra to the outside of the body

Anatomy and Physology II Lab (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions