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Nursing Exam Study - Rasmussen > MDC2 Final exam study > Flashcards

MDC2 Final exam study Flashcards

1
Q

What is graves disease?

A

An autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by a goiter and exopthalmos

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2
Q

Treatment for graves disease

A

methimazole, atenolol, iodine 131

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3
Q

nursing interventions for hyperthyroidism

A

provide a calm/cool environment, assess for pain, maintain airway, cardiac monitoring, v/s, prepare patient for surgery

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4
Q

Hyperthyroidism hallmark assessment

A

heat intolerance

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5
Q

lab tests for hyperthyroidism

A

increased t3 and t4, decreased TSH

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6
Q

which 2 deficiencies are the most life threatening

A

ACTH, TSH

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7
Q

Anterior hypopituitarism labs and diagnostics

A

decreased t3, t4, prolactin, testosterone, estradiol
blood work done first

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8
Q

anterior hyperpituitarism labs

A

increased lab values, besides gonadtropin

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9
Q

Cushings disease priority interventions

A

prevent infection, handwashing

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10
Q

cardiovascular signs and symptoms of Cushing disease

A

hypertension, edema, bruising, petechiae

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11
Q

lab tests in Cushing disease

A

increased BG, NA, cortisol
decreased lymphocyte count and Ca level

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12
Q

What gland causes diabetes insipidus

A

posterior pituitary gland

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13
Q

Key symptoms of diabetes insipidus

A

Losing water, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, dilute urine (less than 1.005), tachycardia, hypotension

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14
Q

drug therapy for diabetes insipidus

A

desmopressin acetate

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15
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

adrenal gland hypofunction

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16
Q

Education regarding glucocorticoids

A

must be withdrawn slowly to prevent Addisonian crisis

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17
Q

Addison’s disease signs and symptoms

A

muscle weakness, joint pain, fatigue

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18
Q

lab tests for Addison’s disease

A

increased K, Ca, BUN
decreased cortisol, fasting BG, Na

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19
Q

Hyperaldosteronism lab tests

A

increase Na
decrease K

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20
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine, constant state of fight or flight

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21
Q

pheochromocytoma patient education

A

Do not smoke, drink caffeine, or change position suddenly
eat a diet rich in calories, vitamins, and minerals. avoid tyramine foods, never palpate

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22
Q

hypothyroidism hallmark assessment

A

cold intolerance

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23
Q

hypothyroidism s/s

A

dehydration symptoms, poor memory, fatigue, lack of energy, brittle hair, blank facial expression

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24
Q

hypothyroidism labs

A

increased TSH, serum thyroglobulin level (thyroid cancer)
decrease t3 and t4

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25
nursing interventions for hypothyroidism
Maintain fluid restriction, warm blankets, monitor for s/s of a myxedema coma,
26
When will thyroid therapy work?
improvement occurs within 2 weeks
27
What can a thyroidectomy cause?
iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism
28
What is the biggest thing to watch for post-op thyroidectomy
thyroid surgery can cause parathyroid gland injury which results in tetany and hypocalcemia
29
hypoparathyroidism s/s
think about s/s hypocalcemia, muscle cramps, mild tingling, seizures, positive chvostek and trousseaus, thyroid storm
30
Foods to avoid with hypoparathyroidism
milk (high in phosphorus)
31
Hyperparathyroidism treatment
diuretic to help reduce serum calcium, monitor for numbness and tingling, cardiac function, patient is at high risk for fractures
32
type 1 diabetes - DKA
3 p's, kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, abdominal pain, weight loss, dehydration
33
diabetes mellitus labs
increased A1C, random blood glucose, fasting blood glucose
34
Normal range for A1C
<6.5%
35
the normal range for fasting blood glucose
<110
36
If a patient is getting Novolin R, when are they at the most significant risk for hypoglycemia
This is short-acting, regular insulin. At the peak point of 2.5-5 hours
37
NPH intermediate-acting insulin
onset 1-5 hours, peak 4-12 hours
38
DKA immediate treatment
IV normal saline, regular short-acting, hydration
39
Why is it important to keep glucose maintained?
Glucose is the main fuel for the CNS because the brain cannot make or store glucose
40
Hypoglycemia education
carbohydrate count, wear a medical alert bracelet, carry a snack
41
Patient education stoma
A stoma should be beefy red. Measure stoma, nutrition changes to control gas and odor,
42
chronic pancreatitis surgical procedure
pancreatectomy
43
What labs will be elevated in chronic pancreatitis
amylase, lipase
44
Ulcerative colitis treatment
nutritional therapy, antidiarrheal, steroids,
45
how many stools a day does a patient with ulcerative colitis have?
10-20 liquid bloody stools
46
signs and symptoms of crohns disease
weight loss, fever, abdominal pain, bloody stool, malabsorption syndrome (treated with TPN)
47
SIADH s/s
weight gain, fluid retention, fluid overload, n/v, tachycardia, hypertension, bounding pulse, muscle weakness, fatigue, seizures
48
Medications for SIADH
diuretics, 3% hypertonic saline, remove fluid and add sodium
49
s/s of cholecystitis
upper abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder, tachycardia, pain triggered by eating, jaundice
50
diverticulitis treatment
stool softeners, fiber, fluids avoid laxatives and enemas
51
microvascular complications of diabetes
retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
52
the first sign of hypoglycemia
altered mental status
53
what lab value confirms the diagnosis of colorectal cancer
increased CEA
54
islet of langherans (beta cells)
the region of the pancreas that is responsible for producing insulin
55
s/s of peritonitis
abdominal pain, decreased urine output, tachycardia, hypotension, diminished bowel sounds
56
Addisonian crisis treatment
emergency treatment - dexamethason 4-12 mg early detection: cortisol replacement, prednisone
57
dumping syndrome management
eliminate liquids with meals, high protein, high fat, moderate carb diet. eat small meals throughout the day, acarbose
58
Upper GI bleed signs and symptoms
hematemesis, melena, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, increased hr, decreased bp
59
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation, fear, anxiety, salicylate toxicity, early-stage pulmonary problems
60
s/s of respiratory alkalosis
CNS increase, anxiety, seizures, positive chvostek and trousseaus, hyperreflexia, increased HR, hyperventilation, Charley horses most caused by low calcium
61
treatment of respiratory alkalosis
antiemetics, fall prevention, replacement of Ca and K
62
s/s of respiratory acidosis
low o2, respiratory depression, barrel chested, cyanosis, cough, CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, dry skin, muscle weakness
63
causes of respiratory acidosis
respiratory depression - anesthetics, opiods, electrolyte imbalance inadequate chest expansion - muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar capillary block hypoventilation, sleep apnea, pneumonia, copd, asthma
64
treatment of respiratory acidosis
drug therapy (anti-inflammatories, nebulizer, bronchodilator, mucolytics), pulmonary hygiene, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy
65
treatment of metabolic acidosis
hydration (IV fluids), antidiarrheals, insulin if DKA, treat the cause
66
s/s of metabolic acidosis
diarrhea, abdominal pain, bradycardia, hypotension, CNS depression, muscle weakness, kussmaul respirations, warm, flushed, dry skin
67
causes of metabolic acidosis
DKA, starvation, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ethanol and methanol intoxication, salicylate intoxication, kidney failure
68
causes of metabolic alkalosis
antacids, blood transfusion, parenteral nutrition, vomiting, NG suction, high dose loop/thiazide diuretics
69
s/s of metabolic alkalosis
increased CNS, anxiety, seizures, muscle cramping, positive chvostek and trousseaus, hyperreflexia, increased HR, decreased respiratory effort, muscle weakness most due to low calcium and potassium
70
treatment of metabolic alkalosis
antiemetics, fall prevention, replacement of k and Ca
71
symptoms of a rolling hiatal hernia
fullness, breathlessness, feeling of suffocation, feeling of angina, worse in recumbent
72
symptoms of a sliding hiatal hernia
heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, belching
73
secondary stomatitis
results from infection, viruses, fungi, bacteria, chemo, radiation, steroid drug therapy
74
primary stomatitis
noninfectious stomatitis, herpes simplex, traumatic
75
Cancer development stages
Initiation - the cell becomes irreversibly damaged promotion - repeat exposure to damage enhances growth progression - increase production of malignant cells metastasis - movement of cancer cells
76
primary cancer prevention
use of sunscreen, stop tobacco use, reduce alcohol consumption, vaccinations
77
secondary cancer prevention
routine screenings, genetic testing
78
benign cells
small nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, they contribute to the body in some way, grow at a normal rate
79
cancer risk factors
age, chemicals, radiation, red meat, genetic risk
80
neutropenic precautions
no fresh flowers, no fresh food, no kids, caretaker must wear mask, patient must wear mask, wash hands
81
Superior vena cava syndrom
assessment of respiratory and cardiac systems, maintain patent airway, monitor oxygenation, monitor labs
82
hyponatremia s/s
cerebral changes, behavioral changes, muscle weakness, low deep tendon reflexes
83
hypernatremia s/s
decrease mental status and cognitive function, muscle twitching, high pulse rate, distended neck veins, bp increase
84
electrolyte changes with end-stage renal failure
loss of potassium, treatment is dialysis
85
key concepts in dehydration
darker urine, dry mouth, dry eyes, muscle cramps, heart palpitation, decreased urine output, increasing heart rate

Nursing Exam Study - Rasmussen (11 decks)

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