MDC 2 - ABG

Question 1

What symptom only occurs in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 1

Kussmaul respirations

Question 2

treatment of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

treat the cause, antiemetic drugs to stop vomiting, replacement of Ca and K

Question 3

signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 3

CNS increase, anxiety, irritability, seizures, positive chvostek and trousseaus signs, hyperreflexia, increased HR, hyperventilation, muscle cramping
*Most caused by low calcium and potassium levels

Question 4

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 4

hyperventilation, fear, anxiety, salicylate toxicity, early-stage pulmonary problems, high altitudes

Question 5

signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

Increased CNS activity, anxiety, irritability, seizures, positive chvostek, and trousseaus, hyperreflexia, increased HR, decreased respiratory effort, and cramping.
* most due to low calcium and potassium levels

Question 6

treatment of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

Treat the cause, antiemetic drugs, fall prevention, replacement of K and Ca

Question 7

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

antacids, blood transfusion, total parenteral nutrition, vomiting, NG tube suction, high dose loop/thiazide diuretics

Question 8

Bases

Answer 8

substances that bind free hydrogen ions in solution and lower the amount of free hydrogen ions in the solution

Question 9

buffers

Answer 9

substances that when dissolved in fluid can react as either an acid or base depending on the pH of the fluid

Question 10

Kussmaul respiration

Answer 10

a pattern of breathing associated with metabolic acidosis in which breaths are deep and rapid

Question 11

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

DKA, starvation, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ethanol and methanol intoxication, salicylate intoxication, kidney failure

Question 12

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 12

diarrhea, abdominal pain, bradycardia, hypotension, CNS depression, muscle weakness, Kussmaul respirations, warm flushed dry skin

Question 13

treatment of metabolic acidosis

Answer 13

hydration (IV fluids), antidiarrheals, insulin if DKA, treat the cause

Question 14

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 14

respiratory depression (anesthetics, opioids, electrolyte imbalance), inadequate chest expansion (muscle weakness, airway obstruction), hypoventilation, sleep apnea, COPD/asthma, pneumonia

Question 15

signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis

Answer 15

low O2, respiratory depression, barrel chested, cyanosis, cough/wheezing, CNZ depression, bradycardia, dry skin, muscle weakness

Question 16

treatment of respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

Drug therapy (anti-inflammatory, neb, bronchodilator, mucolytics), pulmonary hygiene, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy.