MDC 3 Exam 1 Study Flashcards
What are risk factors for breast cancer
female, older than 65 years old, estrogen use, family history, BRCA 1 or 2, first child after 30, nulliparous, alcohol/smoking, high socioeconomic status, post menopausal
What is the only test to definitively diagnose breast cancer
biopsy
MRI, labs, pathology
What are screening tests for breast cancer
Mammograms women 45+ get yearly, self-exams monthly, ultrasound
nursing expectations post-op for gynecological cancers
Monitor VS, bowel sounds, I&O, encourage mobility gradually, bed rest for first-night post op, CBC, limit driving or stairs, avoid heavy lifting, vaginal rest
S/S of gynecological cancers
abnormal bleeding, urethral burning for longer than 24 hrs, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain
Preventative for cervical cancer
HPV vaccine 9-26 years old, or before first sexual encounter
uterine leiomyoma s/s
may have no s/s, bleeding, pain, pelvic pressure, abdominal distention, heavy bleeding, anemia symptomrs
vulvovaginitis interventions
cotton underwear, loose clothing, clean inner labia with water and not soap, no douches or perfumes, no sex until infection clears and treatment is finishing
toxic shock syndrome interventions
change tampons every 4-6 hrs, wash hands, no tampons at night, use smallest effective tampon, do not use internal contraceptives if history of TSS, provide a comfortable environment to discuss treatment plans
endometrial/uterine cancer
most common malignancy, slow growing, 95% survival rate if caught early
s/s: abdominal uterine bleeding, especially post menopausal, painful intercourse and urination, abdominal discharge that is watery and bloody, pain in lower back, abdomen, pelvis
endometrial cancer diagnostics
the best one: endometrial biopsy
transvaginal ultrasound, CBC, CXR, abdominal ultrasound, liver or bone scans for suspected metastasis, renal function scans
BPH s/s
swollen prostate, difficulty starting urination, decreased urine stream pressure, intermittent, dribbling, retention, increase UTI, frequency/urgency, incontinence, pain
BPH education
Decrease alcohol and caffeine, urinate every 2-3 hr, catheter education, avoid anticholinergics, antihistamines, and decongestants (all-cause urinary retention)
BPH risk factors
over 60 years old, obese, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and drinking, ED, diabetes, first degree relative diagnosed
BPH diagnostics
DRE to determine the size and if the discharge is present, uroflowmetry, transrectal ultrasound, cystoscopy,
BPH medications
alpha reductase inhibitors (-ide) : finasteride
alpha-blockers ( - sin) : doxazosin
PDE5 inhibitors ( - fil): sildenafil
NSAIDS
Saw palmetto
BPH post-op care
bleeding, infection, pain management, mobilize early, CBC if ordered, precise I&O, urologist removes foley
prostate cancer risk factors
older than 50, african american, obesity/diet, family history
prostate cancer s/s
early stages has none, late-stage blood in urine
screening prostate cancer
DRE if required, PSA
prostate cancer diagnosis
PSA, DRE, transrectal ultrasound, look for lesions, biopsy (definitive), CT/MRI/Bone Scan/Liver function (suspected metastasis), elevated serum acid phosphatase (advanced), elevated alkaline phosphatase (bone metastasis)
Testicular cancer
self examination, sperm bank options, emotional support since it effects a younger population
erectile dysfunction risk factors
HTN, CAD, DM, older than 50, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, drugs, alcohol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, trauma, surgery (prostatectomy)
ED medications
PDE5 -afil
NO Nitrates
