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Nursing Exam Study - Rasmussen > MDC 3 Exam 1 Study > Flashcards

MDC 3 Exam 1 Study Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for breast cancer

A

female, older than 65 years old, estrogen use, family history, BRCA 1 or 2, first child after 30, nulliparous, alcohol/smoking, high socioeconomic status, post menopausal

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2
Q

What is the only test to definitively diagnose breast cancer

A

biopsy
MRI, labs, pathology

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3
Q

What are screening tests for breast cancer

A

Mammograms women 45+ get yearly, self-exams monthly, ultrasound

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4
Q

nursing expectations post-op for gynecological cancers

A

Monitor VS, bowel sounds, I&O, encourage mobility gradually, bed rest for first-night post op, CBC, limit driving or stairs, avoid heavy lifting, vaginal rest

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5
Q

S/S of gynecological cancers

A

abnormal bleeding, urethral burning for longer than 24 hrs, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain

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6
Q

Preventative for cervical cancer

A

HPV vaccine 9-26 years old, or before first sexual encounter

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7
Q

uterine leiomyoma s/s

A

may have no s/s, bleeding, pain, pelvic pressure, abdominal distention, heavy bleeding, anemia symptomrs

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8
Q

vulvovaginitis interventions

A

cotton underwear, loose clothing, clean inner labia with water and not soap, no douches or perfumes, no sex until infection clears and treatment is finishing

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9
Q

toxic shock syndrome interventions

A

change tampons every 4-6 hrs, wash hands, no tampons at night, use smallest effective tampon, do not use internal contraceptives if history of TSS, provide a comfortable environment to discuss treatment plans

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10
Q

endometrial/uterine cancer

A

most common malignancy, slow growing, 95% survival rate if caught early
s/s: abdominal uterine bleeding, especially post menopausal, painful intercourse and urination, abdominal discharge that is watery and bloody, pain in lower back, abdomen, pelvis

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11
Q

endometrial cancer diagnostics

A

the best one: endometrial biopsy
transvaginal ultrasound, CBC, CXR, abdominal ultrasound, liver or bone scans for suspected metastasis, renal function scans

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12
Q

BPH s/s

A

swollen prostate, difficulty starting urination, decreased urine stream pressure, intermittent, dribbling, retention, increase UTI, frequency/urgency, incontinence, pain

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13
Q

BPH education

A

Decrease alcohol and caffeine, urinate every 2-3 hr, catheter education, avoid anticholinergics, antihistamines, and decongestants (all-cause urinary retention)

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14
Q

BPH risk factors

A

over 60 years old, obese, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and drinking, ED, diabetes, first degree relative diagnosed

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15
Q

BPH diagnostics

A

DRE to determine the size and if the discharge is present, uroflowmetry, transrectal ultrasound, cystoscopy,

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16
Q

BPH medications

A

alpha reductase inhibitors (-ide) : finasteride
alpha-blockers ( - sin) : doxazosin
PDE5 inhibitors ( - fil): sildenafil
NSAIDS
Saw palmetto

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17
Q

BPH post-op care

A

bleeding, infection, pain management, mobilize early, CBC if ordered, precise I&O, urologist removes foley

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18
Q

prostate cancer risk factors

A

older than 50, african american, obesity/diet, family history

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19
Q

prostate cancer s/s

A

early stages has none, late-stage blood in urine

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20
Q

screening prostate cancer

A

DRE if required, PSA

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21
Q

prostate cancer diagnosis

A

PSA, DRE, transrectal ultrasound, look for lesions, biopsy (definitive), CT/MRI/Bone Scan/Liver function (suspected metastasis), elevated serum acid phosphatase (advanced), elevated alkaline phosphatase (bone metastasis)

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22
Q

Testicular cancer

A

self examination, sperm bank options, emotional support since it effects a younger population

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23
Q

erectile dysfunction risk factors

A

HTN, CAD, DM, older than 50, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, drugs, alcohol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, trauma, surgery (prostatectomy)

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24
Q

ED medications

A

PDE5 -afil
NO Nitrates

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25
Q

Chlamydia treatment

A

azithromycin 1 dose or doxycycline BID for 7 - 14 days, avoid sex for 7 days after treatment

26
Q

Syphilis primary stage symptoms

A

localized at site of infection, round firm painless sores, 10-90 days after inoculation

27
Q

syphilis secondary or systemic state s/s

A

Swollen lymph nodes, skin rash, flu-like symptoms, cutaneous lesions or weeping papules, mucous patches, s/s may go unnoticed, and then transfer to latent disease

28
Q

Syphilis tertiary stage s/s

A

can affect the heart, brain and other organs, 1-20 years after initial infection, Abx make this less common

29
Q

syphilis treatment

A

priority benzathine penicillin G or doxycycline or tetracycline allergy
contact tracing treat 90 days worth of contacts

30
Q

syphilis education

A

no sex for 7 days after treatment and until all partners complete Abx too, safe sex practices

31
Q

urinary incontinence education

A

kegels, keep a schedule, avoid caffeine, prevent constipation

32
Q

urolithiasis (kidney stones) s/s

A

sudden flank pain, dysuria, fever/chills, n/v, diaphoresis

33
Q

UTI/ cystitis interventions

A

hydrate, cranberry use should be discussed with urologist, urinate before and after sex, sitz bath, finish antibiotics, phenazopyridine (may turn urine orange)

34
Q

pyelonephritis s/s

A

fever, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, foul-smelling/cloudy urine

35
Q

pyelonephritis causes

A

acute UTI traveled to kidneys
chronic repeated continued uti can be caused by an anatomic abnormality

36
Q

acute glomerulonephritis s/s

A

recent skin or upper respiratory infection, UA bloof and protein, elevated BP, edema

37
Q

polycystic kidney disease interventions

A

treat manifestations UTL, HTN, dialysis or kidney transplant for end-stage, pain management, genetic counseling, limit sodium, drink 2L of fluid daily, BP, weight, temp, characteristics of Urine, genetic predisposition

38
Q

Diabetic nephrothapy

A

a vascular complication of DM, the leading cause of ESRD, severe hyperglycemia correlates with the severity of kidney disease, educate on glycemic control

39
Q

nephrotic syndrome interventions

A

treat the cause, diet restrictions, if GFR is decreased (decrease protein, sodium, and potassium in diet) ACE inhibitors can help decrease protein lost in urine

40
Q

acute kidney injuries - prerenal

A

most common cause of AKI, related to perfusion, disrupted flow to kidneys, caused by renal artery stenosis, hypovolemia, dehydration, MI, hypotension, sepsis

41
Q

acute kidney injuries intrarenal

A

damage inside of kidney caused by lupus, nephrotoxic drugs, glomerulonephritis, sepsis, diabetes, and hypertension

42
Q

acute kidney injuries, post-renal

A

related to outflow causes BPH< obstruction, UTI, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer

43
Q

renal cell carcinoma treatment

A

cryoblation, nephrectomy (monitor bleeding)

44
Q

Chronic kidney disease intervention

A

control bp, restrict fluids, adhere to medication, dialysis for ESRD

45
Q

chronic kidney disease nursing care

A

AV fistula or graft, ensure proper circulation by checking radial ulnar pulses and cap refill, check bruit and thrill, arm precautions no BP or IV, no meds through port

46
Q

BUN normal values

A

10-20
increase in AKI

47
Q

Creatinine

A

males 0.6 - 1.2
females 0.5-1.1
increased in AKI

48
Q

potassium

A

3.5-5
increased in AKI

49
Q

Magnesium

A

1.3-2.1
increased in AKI

50
Q

phosphorus

A

3.0-4.5
increased in AKI

51
Q

calcium

A

9.0-10.5
decreased in AKI

52
Q

CO2

A

25-35
decreased in AKI

53
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45
decreased in AKI

54
Q

hgb

A

males 14-18
females 12-16
decreased in AKI

55
Q

hct

A

males 42-52
females 37-47
decreased in AKI

56
Q

specific gravity

A

1.005-1.030
decreased in AKI

57
Q

HCO3

A

21-28
decreased in AKI

58
Q

polycystic kidney disease s/s

A

UTI, urinary calculi, HTN, hematuria, back side and abdominal pain

59
Q

what STIs to notify health department

A

chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis

60
Q

kidney stone risk factors

A

diabetes, genetics, gout, male

Nursing Exam Study - Rasmussen (11 decks)

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