MDC 2 Exam - upper GI Flashcards
What is stomatitis?
inflammation within the oral cavity
What are some examples of primary stomatitis?
aphthous stomatitis (non-infectious), herpes simplex, traumatic ulcers
What are some examples of secondary stomatitis?
from infection, fungi, bacteria, viruses, in immunocompromised patients (chemo, radiation, steroid drug therapy)
The most common type of secondary stomatitis
Candida albicans
Nursing interventions for stomatitis
avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes, increase oral hygiene to q2h if uncontrolled
Drug therapy for stomatitis
clotrimazole, nystatin suspension, chlorohexidine, viscous lidocaine
What is the most common type of oral cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
What are the characteristics of lesions that would be suspected of oral cancer?
red, raised and eroded lesions in the mouth
What cancer primarily occurs on the lips?
basal cell carcinoma, primarily due to sun exposure
Key features of oral cancer
bleeding from mouth, poor appetite, difficulty chewing or swallowing, unplanned weight loss
Nursing interventions for oral cancers
airway maintenance, prevent aspirations, oral hygiene q2h, monitor nutrition status
What is GERD?
backwards flor of stomach contents in the esophagus
What factors contribute to GERD?
caffeine, peppermint, chocolate, citrus, alcohol, nitrates, smoking, NG tube placement, anticholinergic drugs, calcium channel blockers
Signs and symptoms of GERD
Dyspepsia, dysphagia, coughing, hoarseness, wheezing, chest pain
Nursing interventions for GERD
balance nutrition status, eat 4-6 small meals a day, avoid eating 3 hours before bed, sit up for 1 hour after meals
Drug therapy for GERD
antacids, histamine blockers, and proton pump inhibitors
Sliding hernia
hernia can slide back and forth through perforation in the diaphragm
rolling hernia
the hernia creates a ball that sits on top of the diaphragm
How is a sliding hernia treated?
The same as GERD, if reflux becomes severe a Nissen fundoplication may be performed
Rolling hernia signs and symptoms
feeling of fullness, breathlessness, feeling of suffocation (all after eating)
what is gastritis?
inflammation of the stomach lining
What can prevent gastritis?
eat a well balanced diet, exercise regularly, avoid excessive NSAID use, smoking cessation, safe food practices
Signs and symptoms of gastritis
epigastric pain, dyspepsia, hematemesis, melena
What most commonly causes gastritis?
H. Pylori
What is peptic ulcer disease?
when GI defenses become impaired and no longer protect the epithelium from the effects of acid and pepsin
What is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease?
H. Pylori
What are the complications of peptic ulcer disease?
hemorrhage, perforation, pyloric obstruction, intractable disease
What are the key features of a GI bleed?
hematemesis, melena, low bp, low hub and hct, increased HR
What type of cancer is most gastric cancer?
adenocarcinomas
signs and symptoms of gastric cancer
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, positive occult blood test, CEA elevated
What is dumping syndrome?
occurs after eating in a patient post gastrectomy
what happens in dumping syndrome?
rapid emptying of food in the small intestine
education for gastric cancer
eat small frequent meals, avoid liquids with meals, no caffeine or alcohol, lie flat for a short time after eating
what causes candida Albicans?
antibiotics, steroids, radiation, antirejection medications
What test rules out H. pylori infection?
rapid urease testing
