McCrae and Costa: Five-Factor Trait Theory

Question 1

Method of gathering data with no preconceived bias concerning the number or name of traits or types.

Answer 1

Inductive method

Question 2

Method of gathering data with preconceived hypothesis in mind before they begin to collect data.

Answer 2

Deductive method

Question 3

Traits that are concerned with how a person behaves.

Answer 3

Temperament

Question 4

Traits that deal with why one behaves.

Answer 4

Motivation

Question 5

Traits that refer to how far or how fast one can perform.

Answer 5

Ability

Question 6

A mathematical procedure for expressing the degree of correspondence between two sets of scores.

Answer 6

Correlation coefficient

Question 7

A table of intercorrelations.

Answer 7

Matrix

Question 8

Factors that represent a cluster of closely related variables.

Answer 8

Traits

Question 9

Correlations of scores with factors.

Answer 9

Factor loadings

Question 10

Traits that are scaled from zero to some large amount.

Answer 10

Unipolar traits

Question 11

Traits that extend from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a midpoint.

Answer 11

Bipolar traits

Question 12

Assumes some positive or negative correlation and refers to an angle of less than or more than 90°.

Answer 12

Oblique method

Question 13

A revision of an earlier unpublished unpublished personality inventory that measured only the first 3 dimensions.

Answer 13

NEO-PI

Question 14

Distinguishes people who prefer variety from those who have a need for closure and who gain comfort in their association with familiar people and things.

Answer 14

Openness to experience

Question 15

Distinguishes soft-hearted people from ruthless ones.

Answer 15

Agreeableness scale

Question 16

Describes people who are ordered, controlled, organized, ambitious, achievement focused, and self-disciplined.

Answer 16

Conscientiousness

Question 17

Represented by arrows; indicate the direction of causal influence.

Answer 17

Dynamic process

Question 18

The universal raw material of personality capacities and dispositions that are generally inferred rather than observed.

Answer 18

Basic tendencies

Question 19

Acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment.

Answer 19

Characteristic adaptations

Question 20

Consists of knowledge, views, and evaluations of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life.

Answer 20

Self-concept

Question 21

3 central components of behaviour according to McCrae and Costa.

Answer 21

Basic tendencies
Characteristic adaptations
Self-concept

Question 22

3 peripheral components according to McCrae and Costa.

Answer 22

Biological biases
Objective biography
External influences

Question 23

Everything the person does, thinks, or feels across the whole lifespan.

Answer 23

Objective biography

Question 24

All about the question of how we respond to opportunities and demands of the context.

Answer 24

External influences

Question 25

4 postulates of basic tendencies.

Answer 25

Individuality Origin Development Structure

Question 26

Postulate that stipulates that adults have a unique set of traits and that each person exhibits a unique combination of trait patterns.

Answer 26

Individuality

Question 27

Postulate that takes a clear if somewhat controversial stance: All personality traits are the result solely of endogenous forces.

Answer 27

Origin

Question 28

Postulate that assumes that traits develop and change through childhood, but in adolescence their development slows, and by early to mid-adulthood, change in personality nearly stops altogether.

Answer 28

Development

Question 29

Postulate which states that traits are organized hierarchically from narrow and specific to broad and general.

Answer 29

Structure

Question 30

Characteristic adaptation postulate which suggests that our responses are not always consistent with personal goals or cultural values.

Answer 30

Maladjustment/ 2nd characteristic adaptation postulate

Question 31

Characteristic adaptation postulate which states that, over time, people adapt to their environment by acquiring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are consistent with their personality traits and earlier adaptations.

Answer 31

1st characteristic adaption postulate

Question 32

Characteristic adaptation postulate which states that basic traits may change over time in response to biological maturation, changes in the environment, or deliberate interventions.

Answer 32

3rd characteristic adaptation postulate