Freud: Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Emphasis is on unconscious and emotions as determinants of personality.
Psychoanalysis
Father of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
From whom did Freud learn the hypnotic technique for treating hysteria.
Jean Charcot
Viennesse neurologist that Freud studied under; taught him about catharsis.
Joseph Breuer
A disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body.
Hysteria
The process of removing hysterical symptoms through “talking them out”.
Catharsis
3 levels of personality according to Freud.
Unconscious
Preconscious
Conscious
Includes all forms of awareness, memories and experiences; those mental elements in awareness at any given time.
Conscious
Past memories which are not readily available; contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.
Preunconscious
No awareness level; repository of repressed and forgotten events; contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but still motivates most of our words, feelings, and actions.
Unconscious
Inherited unconscious images.
Phylogenetic endowment
2 sources of the contents of the preconscious.
Conscious perception
Unconscious
Is turned downward the outer world and acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli.
Perceptual conscious system
3 structures of personality (Freud).
Id
Ego
Superego
Source of biological drives,unconscious, operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle.
Id
Operates at reality principle and that life is bounded by rules; structure that compels the person to deal with the realities of life.
Ego
What the ego tries to substitute for the pleasure principle of the id.
Reality principle
Ethical and moral arm of personality; develops out of the Ego, after it develops out of the Id
Superego
Guides the Superego as opposed to the pleasure principle of the id and the realistic principle of the ego.
Moralistic and idealistic principle
2 subsystems/components of Superego
Ego-ideal
Conscience
A built-in reinforcement process that makes a person feel satisfied when doing right and guilt when doing wrong; results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do.
Conscience
What the person likes to be; develops from experiences with rewardsfor proper behavior and tells us what we should do.
Ego-ideal
A psychological error in speaking or writing that reveals about the unconscious.
Freudian slip
A process in which a well-developed Superego acts to control sexual and aggressive impulses.
Repression
Motivational principle, the driving forces behind
people’s actions.
Instinct/ Drive/ Impulses
2 major headings/groups of drive; originate in the id and come under control of the ego.
Sex or Eros
Aggression, Distractions or Thanatos
The word used for sex drive; psychic libido of sex drive.
Libido
Characteristics of Libido
Impetus
Source
Aim
Object
The amount of force it (libido) exerts.
Impetus
The region of the body in a state of excitation or tension.
Source
To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension.
Aim
The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim issatisfied.
Object
All pleasurable activity is traceable to the sexual drive.
Sex
Parts of the body that are capable of producing sexual pleasure.
Erogenous zone/s
Infants are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego.
Primary narcissism
Adolescents often redirect their libido back to the ego and become preoccupied with personal appearance and other self-interests.
Secondary narcissism
The need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or
humiliation on another person.
Sadism
A common need, becomes a perversion when
subservient to the destructive drive; experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others.
Masochism
The aim is to return the organism to an inorganic state.
Aggression
Forms of aggression.
Teasing
Gossiping
Sarcasm
Humiliation
Humor
Enjoyment of other people’s suffering
A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger.
Anxiety
3 kinds of anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety
Realistic Anxiety
Apprehension about an unknown danger; originates from id impulses; ego’s dependence on the id.
Neurotic Anxiety
Stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego; dependence on the superego.
Moral Anxiety
Closely related to fear; defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger; dependence on the outer world leads to realistic
anxiety.
Realistic anxiety
During this stage, the child is focusedon oral pleasures like sucking, biting, eating.
Oral Stage
Infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety.
Oral-receptive phase
Infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smiling, and crying.
Oral-sadistic period
What stage is the first 4 or 5 years of life.
Infantile Stage
The child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating and retaining feces.
Anal Stage
2 subphases of anal phase.
Early anal period
Late anal period
Children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.
Early anal period
Children sometimes take friendly interest toward their feces.
Late anal period
People who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively.
Anal character
Orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy that typifies the adult anal character which the anal eroticism transforms into.
Anal triad
The pleasure zone switches to the genitals; Freud believed that during this stage, boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mothers known as Oedipus Complex.
Phallic Stage
Freud’s notion of a boy’s sexual feelings for his mother and rivalries with his father.
Oedipus Complex
Freud’s notion of unconscious fear from a boy’s
struggle to deal with his love for his mother while knowing that he cannot overcome his father.
Castration anxiety
Freud’s notion of a phenomenon in which girls develop inferiority feelings and jealousy over her lack of a penis.
Penis envy
It is during this stage that sexual urges
remain repressed or become calm and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers.
Latency Stage
The final stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened.
Genital Stage
A stage attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner.
Psychological maturity
Excessive use of this can lead to psychological disorders; serves as the insulator of the ego to protect it from breaking.
Defense mechanism
Principal defense mechanisms identified by Freud.
Repression
Reaction Formation
Displacement
Fixation
Regression
Projection
Introjection
Sublimation
Suppression
Denial
Pushing into the unconscious; voluntary/purposely.
Supression
Taking the opposite belief because the true belief
causes anxiety; adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form.
Reaction Formation
Taking out impulses on a less threatening target; people redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed.
Displacement
Resorting of ego to the strategy of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage.
Fixation
Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason.
Rationalization
Returning to a previous stage of development; reverting back to an earlier stage during times of stress and anxiety.
Regression
Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects.
Intellectualization
Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else; ego reduces the anxiety by attributing the unwanted impulse to an external object, usually another person.
Projection
People incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego.
Introjection
Acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way; repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim.
Sublimation
It requires the patient to say whatever
comes to head; patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to their mind, no matter how irrelevant or repugnant it may appear.
Free association/ Free talking
This happens when the repressed feelings (positive or negative) surfaced can be channelled to the therapist; refers to the strong sexual urge or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.
Transference
Permits patients to more or less relive childhood experiences within nonthreatening climate of the analytic treatment.
Positive transference
Form of hostility that must be recognized by the therapist and explain to the patients so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment.
Negative transference
Refers to a variety of unconscious responses used by patients to block their own progress in therapy.
Resistance
The emergence of buried feelings (fear, grief, other
forgotten memories) in the unconscious. This is the turning point or healing.
Catharsis
The therapist’s reaction to the patient is distorted by own unresolved conflicts.
Countertransference
Used to transform the manifest content of dreams to the more important latent content.
Dream analysis
The surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer.
Manifest content
Refers to the dream’s unconscious material.
Latent content
Refers to the fact that the manifest dream content is not as extensive as the latent level, indicating that the unconscious material has been abbreviated or condensed before appearing on the manifest level.
Condensation
Means that the dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it.
Displacement
Unconsciously forces threatening feelings into unconscious.
Repression
Arguing against an anxiety provoking stimulus by stating it doesn’t exist.
Denial
A pleasure-seeking person is dominated by?
Id
A guilt-ridden or inferior feeling person is dominated by?
Superego
A psychologically healthy person is dominated by?
Ego
If the ego and superego fails to perform accordingly, what emerges to control?
Id
