Beginnings of Personality Psychology

Question 1

Father of Western Medicine

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Who proposed two axes of temperament which combined to form Four Humors?

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

Said that individual differences in personality and behaviour can be explained by humoral variances and imbalances.

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

What are the Four Humors?

Answer 4

Choleric, Sanguine, Melancholic, Phlegmatic

Question 5

Bodily fluids of the Four Humors?

Answer 5

Choleric = Bile/Yellow bile
Sanguine = Blood
Melancholic = Black bile
Phlegmatic = Phlegm

Question 6

Humor that is confident, overbearing and passionate; full of bursting energy and ambition; most commonly extroverted; strong willed, dominant

Answer 6

Choleric

Question 7

Humor that is sociable, charismatic and stimulation seeking; heavily people-oriented and infectiously optimistic about life.

Answer 7

Sanguine

Question 8

Humor that is thoughtful, introspective and reserved; often quite idealists; crave time alone and are serious; intense and moody; sensitive, perfectionist and careful in decision making.

Answer 8

Melancholic

Question 9

Humor that are loyal friends, loyal colleagues, and loyal lovers; prone to passive-aggression and even laziness; meek, submissive, and trustworthy.

Answer 9

Phlegmatic

Question 10

A greek philosopher who is the founder of the academy

Answer 10

Plato

Question 11

Four groupings of personality that Plato introduced.

Answer 11

Artistic, Sensible, Intuitive, Reasoning

Question 12

Renowned student of plato that proposed a similar set of factors that could explain personality.

Answer 12

Aristotle

Question 13

Set of factors that Aristotle proposed.

Answer 13

Iconic (or artistic), Pistic (or common sense), Noetic (or intuition), Dianoetic (or logic)

Question 14

French neuroanatomist and physiologist who founded Phrenology.

Answer 14

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 15

Who collected and observed over 120 skulls in order to test his hypothesis and believed that bumps and uneven geography of the human skull were caused by pressure exerted from the brain?

Answer 15

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 16

An American psychologist who classified personality according to body type.

Answer 16

William Sheldon

Question 17

What are the 3 fundamental elements of Sheldon’s somatypes?

Answer 17

Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph

Question 18

Somatype that has a relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, and peaceful character.

Answer 18

Endomorph

Question 19

Somatype that has a plump, buxom, and developed visceral structure shape

Answer 19

Endomorph

Question 20

Somatype that has an active, assertive, vigorous, and combative character

Answer 20

Mesomorph

Question 21

Somatype that has a muscular shape.

Answer 21

Mesomorph

Question 22

Somatype that has a quiet, fragile, restrained, non-assertive, and sensitive character.

Answer 22

Ectomorph

Question 23

Somatype that has a lean, delicate, and poor muscles.

Answer 23

Ectomorph

Question 24

What contributes to individual differences in behaviour, consistency of behaviour over time, and stability of behaviour across situations?

Answer 24

Traits

Question 25

What are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence?

Answer 25

Characteristics