Beginnings of Personality Psychology Flashcards
Father of Western Medicine
Hippocrates
Who proposed two axes of temperament which combined to form Four Humors?
Hippocrates
Said that individual differences in personality and behaviour can be explained by humoral variances and imbalances.
Hippocrates
What are the Four Humors?
Choleric, Sanguine, Melancholic, Phlegmatic
Bodily fluids of the Four Humors?
Choleric = Bile/Yellow bile
Sanguine = Blood
Melancholic = Black bile
Phlegmatic = Phlegm
Humor that is confident, overbearing and passionate; full of bursting energy and ambition; most commonly extroverted; strong willed, dominant
Choleric
Humor that is sociable, charismatic and stimulation seeking; heavily people-oriented and infectiously optimistic about life.
Sanguine
Humor that is thoughtful, introspective and reserved; often quite idealists; crave time alone and are serious; intense and moody; sensitive, perfectionist and careful in decision making.
Melancholic
Humor that are loyal friends, loyal colleagues, and loyal lovers; prone to passive-aggression and even laziness; meek, submissive, and trustworthy.
Phlegmatic
A greek philosopher who is the founder of the academy
Plato
Four groupings of personality that Plato introduced.
Artistic, Sensible, Intuitive, Reasoning
Renowned student of plato that proposed a similar set of factors that could explain personality.
Aristotle
Set of factors that Aristotle proposed.
Iconic (or artistic), Pistic (or common sense), Noetic (or intuition), Dianoetic (or logic)
French neuroanatomist and physiologist who founded Phrenology.
Franz Joseph Gall
Who collected and observed over 120 skulls in order to test his hypothesis and believed that bumps and uneven geography of the human skull were caused by pressure exerted from the brain?
Franz Joseph Gall
An American psychologist who classified personality according to body type.
William Sheldon
What are the 3 fundamental elements of Sheldon’s somatypes?
Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph
Somatype that has a relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, and peaceful character.
Endomorph
Somatype that has a plump, buxom, and developed visceral structure shape
Endomorph
Somatype that has an active, assertive, vigorous, and combative character
Mesomorph
Somatype that has a muscular shape.
Mesomorph
Somatype that has a quiet, fragile, restrained, non-assertive, and sensitive character.
Ectomorph
Somatype that has a lean, delicate, and poor muscles.
Ectomorph
What contributes to individual differences in behaviour, consistency of behaviour over time, and stability of behaviour across situations?
Traits
