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MC Pathogen + Buzzwords - Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus (swimming pool mc source)

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2
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staph or strep

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3
Q

neonatal conjunctivitis

A

day 1 - silver nitrate (chemical cause)
day 2-5 - gonococcal (need admit + IV)
day 5-7 - chlamydia MC
day 7-11 - HSV

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4
Q

otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

-alt: proteus, staph, s.epidermis, strep

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5
Q

acute otitis media & acute sinusitis

A

4 MC:

S. PNEUMO, H. influenza, moraxella catarrhalis, strep

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6
Q

chronic otitis media

A

2 MC: pseudomonas, staph

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7
Q

chronic sinusitis

A

bacterial: STAPH MC, pseudomonas
fungal: ASPERGILLUS MC, murcormycosis (immunocomp)

other: Wegener’s (bact) = necrotic

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8
Q

rhinitis (infectious)

A

rhinovirus

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9
Q

pharyngitis/tonsillitis

A

VIRAL MC overall - adeno, rhino, entero, EPV, RSV, flu

bacterial - GABHS/s.pyogenes mc

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10
Q

peritonsillar abscess

A

STREP, staph, polymicrobial

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11
Q

laryngitis

A

VIRAL MC - adeno, rhino, flu, RSV

bacterial - m.catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumo

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12
Q

periorbital cellulitis

A

staph (so cover for mrsa)

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13
Q

suppurative parotitis or sialadenitis

A

staph

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14
Q

dental caries

A

strep mutans

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15
Q

acute osteomyelitis

A

STAPH AUREUS + strep (kids mc)

-salmonella pathognomonic for sickle cell

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16
Q

chronic (subacute) osteomyelitis

A

STAPH AUREUS

-s. epidermis in prosthetic joint infx

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17
Q

septic arthritis

A

STAPH AUREUS

  • neisseria gonorrhoeae (sexual active adults - assoc w/ tenosynovitis)
  • neonates - group B strep
  • prosthesis - staph epidermis
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18
Q

gastritis

A
  • -> h.pylori MC
  • -> NSAIDs/ASA 2nd mc
  • -> acute stress
  • -> others (meds, alcohol, dz)
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19
Q

acute cholangitis

A

-mc gram neg enteric: E.COLI, klebsiella, enterobacter, b.fragilis

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20
Q

MC overall cause of gastroenteritis in adults in N. America

A

NOROVIRUS

  • outbreaks - cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants
  • vomiting predominant sx in most noninvasive diarrhea
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21
Q

MC cause of diarrhea in children (70%)

A

ROTAVIRUS

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22
Q

diarrhea: incubation period 1-6 hrs

MC food contamination (dairy, mayonnaise, meats, eggs)

A

STAPH AUREUS
BACILLUS CEREUS

  • sx- V/HA/D, cramps
  • tx- supportive, fluids
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23
Q

diarrhea: contaminated food and water; outbreaks during poor sanitation + overcrowding conditions (esp abroad)
- RICE WATER STOOLS

A

VIBRIO CHOLERAE (or vibrio parahemolyticus)

  • gray, no fecal odor or pus
  • may rapidly produce dehydration (up to 15L/day)
  • tx- fluid replacement +/- TETRACYCLINES, FQ
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24
Q

diarrhea: assoc w/ raw shellfish, esp Gulf of Mexico

- RICE WATER STOOLS

A

VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS & V. VULNIFICUS

-tx- fluid replacement +/- TETRACYCLINES, FQ

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25
Q

MC cause TRAVELER’S DIARRHEA –> unsanitary drinking water/ice, unpeeled fruits

A

ENTEROTOXIGENIC E.COLI

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26
Q

diarrhea: org overgrowth 2ry to alteration of normal flora (mc after abx –> CLINDAMYCIN or chemo)

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

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27
Q

MC cause of BACTERIAL ENTERITIS in US
MC ANTECEDENT EVENT IN POST-INFX GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME

stool culture: gram neg, “S, COMMA, OR SEAGULL SHAPED” organisms

A

CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS

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28
Q

diarrhea: fecal/oral
lower abd pain, EXPLOSIVE, WATERY DIARRHEA –> MUCOID, BLOODY
+/- FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN

A

SHIGELLA (gram neg)

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29
Q

diarrhea: mucus + bloody OR PEA SOUP STOOLS

- mc source: poultry products, exotic pets (turtles)

A

SALMONELLA

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30
Q

diarrhea: ingestion of UNDERCOOKED GROUND BEEF, UNPASTEURIZED MILK/APPLE CIDER, DAY CENTERS, CONTAMINATED WATER
- PRODUCES CYTOTOXIN

A

ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E.COLI 0157:H7

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31
Q

diarrhea: contaminated pork, milk, water + tofu

A

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

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32
Q

diarrhea: contaminated water from remote streams/wells
“beaver’s fever” or “backpacker’s diarrhea”
-frothy, greasy, foul

A

GIARDIA LAMBLIA

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33
Q

mc cause of chronic diarrhea in patients w/ AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

-fecal-oral transmission

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34
Q

malabsorption - mc farmers around soil

A

tropheryma whippelii

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35
Q

TRANSMISSION: PIGEON/BIRD DROPPINGS

A

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

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36
Q

ASSOC W/ SOIL CONTAINING BIRD/BAT DROPPINGS IN MISSISSIPPI & OHIO RIVER VALLEYS

A

histoplasmosis

37
Q

CXR: “FUNGAL BALL”

A

ASPERGILLOMA

38
Q

BX: DUSKY, NECRTOIC TISSUE (NOSE)

A

ASPERGILLUS

39
Q

SINUSITIS that spreads to the orbits, palate + brain

-BLACK ESCHARS of nasal mucosa, palate + cyanosis

A

mucormycosis

40
Q

BX: SEPTATE HYPHAE W/ REGULAR BRANCHING AT WIDE ANGLES

A

ASPERGILLUS

41
Q

BX: NON-SEPTATE BROAD HYPHAE W/ IRREGULAR RIGHT-ANGLE BRANCHING

A

MUCORMYCOSIS

42
Q

grows in SOIL IN ARID/DESERT REGIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN US, MEXICO, SOUTH + CENTRAL AMERICA

A

coccidioidomycosis “valley fever”

43
Q

occurs MC IMMUNOCOMPETENT MEN
-OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES (AROUND SOIL OR DECAYING WOOD) IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO WATERWAYS (great lakes, Ohio, Mississippi river valley)

A

blastomycosis

44
Q

PAINFUL GENITAL ULCERS –> BOBO FORMATION

A

chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)

45
Q

+ KERNIG’S SIGN + BRUDZINSKI’S SIGN

A

neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis)

46
Q

mc cause epiglottitis

A

haemophilus influenzae

47
Q

rabbits as reservoir, bites, or ingestion of infx meat

A

tularemia (francisella tularensis)

48
Q

diseases w/ eschars

A 
TULAREMIA
ANTHRAX
LEISHMANIASIS
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
MUCORMYCOSIS
49
Q
  • GOAT, SHEEP, CATTLE HOGS MC ANIMAL VECTOR

- INGESTION OF INFECTED UPASTEURIZED MILK + CHEESE

A

brucellosis

50
Q

SAFETY PIN APPEARANCE OF ORGANISMS

A

PLAGUE (YERSINIA PESTIS)

51
Q

FOURNIER’S GANGRENE

A

nec fascititis of PENIS/SCROTUM

-MC GABHS

52
Q

OCCUPATIONAL DZ FOLLOWS SKIN ABRASION, PUNCTURE WOUND FROM RAW FISH, SHELLFISH, RAW MEAT/POULTRY

A

ERYSIPELOID

53
Q

MC FOUND IN CONTAMINATED FOOD: COLD DELI MEATS, UNPASTEURIZED DAIRY

54
Q
  • ADULT: CANNED/SMOKED/VACUUM-PACKED FOODS

- INFANT: INGESTION OF HONEY OR DUST SPORES

55
Q

DILATED, FIXED PUPILS, DRY MOUNT, DYSPHAGIA, DYSARTHRIA, DYSPHONIA

  • DESCENDING, DECREASED MUSCLE STRENGTH –> flaccid paralysis
  • “FLOPPY BABY SYNDROME” newborn
56
Q

CHANCRE - PAINLESS ULCER AT INOCULATION SITE

57
Q

CHONDYLOMA LATA

A

SYPHILIS

-wart-like, moist lesions involving mucous memb, esp near chancre site - contagious!

58
Q

HUTCHINSON TEETH (notches), SADDLE-NOSE DEFORMITY

A

CONGENITAL SYPHILIS

59
Q

ARGYLL-ROBERTSON PUPIL

A

+/- TERTIARY SYPHILIS

small, irregular pupil that constricts normal to near accommodation but doesn’t constrict/react to light

60
Q

BLANCHING, ERYTHEMATOUS MACULAR RASH FIRST ON WRISTS/ANKLES –> PALMS/SOLES, SPREADS CENTRAL OVER 2-3 DAYS

A

ROCKY MT SPOTTED FEVER (rickettsia ricketsii)

61
Q

CORNEAL STROMAL RING INFILTRATE

A

ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS

62
Q

FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
PLASMODIUM
PARASITES IN RBC

63
Q

ixodes TICK

A

transmits:
BABESIOSIS
EHRLICHIOSIS
LYMES

64
Q

Smear: parasites w/in RBC, esp PATHOGNOMONIC TETRADS (MALTESE CROSS)

A

BABESIOSIS (babesia microti)

-tick bite, northeast US

65
Q

enterobiasis

66
Q

Head CT/MRI +/- show RING-ENHANCING LESIONS

A

TOXOPLASMOSIS

CNS LYMPHOMA

67
Q
  • ROMANA’S SIGN: UNILAT PERIORBITAL SWELLING
  • CHAGOMA: INFLAM NODULE @ BITE SITE
  • CHF
A

CHAGAS DISEASE (trypanosoma cruzi, protozoa)

68
Q

vector: assassin bug

latin america and up to texas

A

chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi, protozoa)

69
Q

PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYOSITIS, EOSINOPHILA

A

TRICHINOSIS

parasitic roundworm from undercooked meat, pork

70
Q

MORULAE IN WBC

-MULBERRY-SHAPED AGGREGATES IN CELLS

A

EHRLICHIOSIS

71
Q

RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME

A

VZV - Facial Nerve (CN 7) - otalgia, lesions on ear/TM, facial palsy, ear sx

72
Q

HUTCHINSON’S SIGN

A

(different from Hutch Teeth)

VZV - lesion on nose usually heralding ocular involvement (CN 5, trigeminal)

73
Q

rash in different stages simultaneously; doesn’t usually involve palms/soles

A

varicella / chicken pox

74
Q

lesions appear in same stage simultaneously, involves palms/soles

A

variola / small pox

75
Q

prodrome: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
-maculopapular brick-red rash beginning at
hair line/face –> extremities; lasts 7 days
-koplik spots on buccal mucosa

A

rubeola / measles

76
Q

maculopapular pink-light red spotted rash on face –> extremities; lasts 3 days
-photosensitivity and arthralgias

A

rubella / german measles

77
Q

3 days high fever (child appears well) –> fever resolves and pink/maculopapular rash (STARTS ON TRUNK, GOES TO FACE)

A

roseola / sixth’s disease

78
Q

“slapped cheek appearacne” w/ circumoral pallor –> lacy rash on body

A

erythema infectiosum / 5ths disease

  • arthropathy in older adults
  • aplastic crisis in sickle cell
  • inc fetal loss in pregnancy
79
Q

vesicular lesions on red base w/ erythematous halo in oral cavity –> vesicles on hands/feet (includes palms/soles)

A

coxsackie a virus / hand, foot mouth

80
Q

flu-like –> maculopapular rash trunk + axilla –> extremities but spares face, palms, soles
-flushed face, hearing loss, conjunctivitis

A

endemic typhus

81
Q

local s. aureus infx –> fluid-filled blisters w/ positive NIKOLSKY SIGN (sloughing w/ gentle pressure)
-painful, diffuse red rash, starts centrally

A

scalded skin syndrome

82
Q
  • prodrome: fever, conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy

- STRAWBERRY TONGUE, EDEMA/DESQUAMATION OF PALMS/SOLES

A

kawasaki

-rare complication is myocardial infarction and coronary artery involvement

83
Q
  • STRAWBERRY TONGUE, SANDPAPER RASH, facial flush w/ circumoral pallor
  • FORCHHEIMER SPOTS: small red spots on soft palate
A

scarlet fever

84
Q

chancroid

A
  • caused by HAEMOPHYLIS DUCREYI

- tx AZITHRO

85
Q

maculopapular rash after amox/amp*

A

INFECTIOUS MONO

86
Q

rash from wrist/ankles –> trunk*

outdoor hx

A

rocky mtn spotted fever (rickettsia)

-tx w/ doxy, even kids

87
Q

jarisch-herxceimer rx*

A

systemic inflam response caused by dying spirochetes when syphilis treated

88
Q

acute HIV infx sx**

A

fever, fatigue, rash, HA, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, myalgia, arthralgia, N/V/D, night sweats

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