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Buzzwords > Buzzwords - Hematology > Flashcards

Buzzwords - Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

hemolytic anemia w/

Hgb S on hemoglobin electrophoresis

A

Sickle cell anemia

+ sickled cells on peripheral smear

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2
Q

hemolytic anemia w/

microcytic anemia w/ normal/inc serum Fe or no response to Fe treatment

A

Thalassemia - assoc w/ severe anemia & abnormal smear for given hematocrit level

ALPHA: hgb electrophoresis w/ NORMAL HGB RATIOS of HgbA, A2, F (diagnosis of exclusion since smear normal)

BETA: hgb electrophoresis DEC HgbA, INC HgbF

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3
Q

hemolytic anemia w/

EPISODIC hemolytic anemia associated w/ SULFA DRUGS, FAVA BEANS, INFECTIONS

A

G6PD DEFICIENCY

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4
Q

hemolytic anemia w/

microspherocytes, COOMBS NEGATIVE

A

hereditary spherocytosis

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5
Q

hemolytic anemia w/

microspherocytes, COOMBS POSITIVE

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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6
Q

hemolytic anemia w/
normal coags
thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, kidney damage, NEURO SX, FEVER

A

TTP

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7
Q

hemolytic anemia w/
normal coags
thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia & KIDNEY DAMAGE

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

  • mc seen in children (esp w/ diarrhea prodrome)
  • higher assoc w/ kidney damage than TTP, doesn’t classically have fever or neuro sx
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8
Q 
hemolytic anemia w/ 
abnormal coags (prolonged PT + PTT)
A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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9
Q 
hemolytic anemia w/ 
dark urine (worse in mornings)
A

paryoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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10
Q

peripheral smear: rouleaux formation

A
  • RBC stick as “STACK OF COINS” due to inc plasma proteins (like immunoglobulins or fibrinogen)
  • inc density of them stuck causes them to settle in tube faster –> INC ESR
MULTIPLE MYELOMA (high protein)
INFECTIONS (acute/chronic - have high fibrinogen)
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11
Q

peripheral smear: auto agglutination

A
  • CLUMPING OF RBC due to IgM auto-antibodies coating surface of RBC lead to inc RBC destruction by macrophages
  • cold IgM Ab agglutinins are reactive at colder temps (28-31 C)

COLD AGGLUTININ AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (mycoplasma pneumonia, EBV)
Cryoglobulinemia
Ag-Ab reaction if blood type not matched

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12
Q

peripheral smear: HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES

A

-small dense basophilic RBC inclusions (usually removed by spleen)

DECREASED SPLENIC FX: autosplenectomy (ex. sickle cell), post splenectomy
SEVERE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

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13
Q

peripheral smear: hemolytic cells - BITE CELLS

A

-bite-like deformity due to phagocyte removal of denatured Hgb

THALASSEMIA
G6PD DEFICIENCY

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14
Q

peripheral smear: hemolytic cells - SHISTOCYTES

A

-fragmented RBC

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS
MICROANGIOPATHIC DZ

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15
Q

peripheral smear: hemolytic cells - KERATOCYTES

A

-“helmet-shaped” RBCs –> mechanical RBC damage in small vessels

microangiopathic dz like TTP, HUS, DIC, PROSTHETIC VALVES

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16
Q

peripheral smear: BASOPHILIC STIPPLING

A

-course blue granules in RBC (residual RNA) - looks like reticulocytes but STIPPLING EVENLY DISTRIBUTED

SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
HEAVY METAL POISONING (LEAD)
THALASSEMIAS
myelodysplasia, chronic alcohol abuse

17
Q

peripheral smear: ECHINOCYTES “BURR CELLS”

A

-RBCs w/ numerous, small, evenly spaced projections due to abnormal cell membrane

UREMIA
pyruvate kinase deficiency
hypophosphatemia

18
Q

peripheral smear: ACANTHOCYTES “SPUR CELLS”

A

-Few, large, spiny, irregular projections on the RBC membrane

Liver Dz
Post Splenectomy
Thalassemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Renal Dz
19
Q

peripheral smear: TARGET CELLS (Codocytes) & SPHEROCYTES

A

TARGET CELL: hypochromic RBC w/ round area of central pigment “target-shaped”

  • seen if there is excess of cell membrane relative to hgb
  • HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES: SICKLE CELL, THALASSEMIA, sev Fe deficiency, asplenia, liver dz

SPHEROCYTES: usually associated w/ hyperchromia (often w/ microcytosis)

  • HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
  • WARM AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
20
Q

peripheral smear: HYPERSEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS

A

-neutrophils w/ >5 lobes

B12 & FOLATE DEFICIENCIES

21
Q

peripheral smear: AUER RODS

A

ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (AML)

22
Q

peripheral smear: REED-STERNBERG CELL “OWL EYE APPEARANCE”

A

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

23
Q

plummer-vinson syndrome

A

dysphagia, esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis, Fe deficiency

24
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

25
Q

prolonged PT

A

VIT K DEFICIENCY ( WARFARIN)

DIC

26
Q

prolonged PTT

A

HEMOPHILIAS
VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE
DIC

27
Q

prolonged bleeding time

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
VON WILLEBRAND DZ, ESP W/ ASA
DIC

28
Q

BM biopsy: DUTCHER BODIES

A

waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

29
Q

thrombocytopenia sx

A 
MUCOCUTANEOUS BLEEDING
PETECHIAE
small, superficial bruising
BLEED AFTER MINOR CUTS
IMMEDIATE BLEEDING AFTER SURGERY
30
Q

factor deficiency sx (ex hemophilias)

A 
DEEP BLEEDING (joint, muscles)
petechiae uncommon
LARGE HEMATOMAS (not small bruises)
unusual bleeding after small cuts
DELAYED BLEED AFTER SURGERY
31
Q

SMUDGE CELLS

A

CLL

MC LEUKEMIA IN ADULTS

32
Q

METALLIC OR BRONZE SKIN –> “BRONZE DIABETES”

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

-increased Fe absorption and deposition into organs

Buzzwords (11 decks)

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