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Buzzwords > Buzzwords - MSK & Rheum > Flashcards

Buzzwords - MSK & Rheum Flashcards

1
Q

squared-off shoulder

A

anterior shoulder dislocation (MC type)

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2
Q

hill-sachs lesion

A

groove on humeral head

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3
Q

bankart lesion

A

glenoid inferior rim fracture

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4
Q

shoulder - abducted, externally rotated

A

anterior dislocation - MC type

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5
Q

shoulder - adducted, internally rotated

A

posterior dislocation

-mc associated with seizures, electric shock

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6
Q

mc rotator cuff muscle tear

A

supraspinatus (empty can test)

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7
Q

mc cause of shoulder pain >40

A

rotator cuff tear (50% trauma or chronic overuse)

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8
Q

mc cause of shoulder pain <40

A

tendonitis - associated with subacromial bursitis

-pain w/ abduction >90 suggest tendinopathy

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9
Q

hawkins test
drop arm test
neer test

A

impingement tests of subscapular nerve / supraspinatus

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10
Q

mc fractured bone in children, adolescents and newborns during birth

A

clavicle

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11
Q

adson sign

A

loss of radial pulse w/ head rotated to affected side

–> thoracic outlet syndrome

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12
Q

positive anterior/posterior fat pad on elbow xray

A
  • supracondylar frx in children

- radial head frx in adults

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13
Q

positive fat pad (esp posterior) means

A

hemarthrosis

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14
Q

nerve (maybe) affected by olecranon frx

A

ulnar

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15
Q

abrupt “goose egg” swelling on elbow

A

olecranon bursitis

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16
Q

nightstick fracture

A

ulnar shaft

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17
Q

monteggia fracture

A

proximal ulnar shaft fracture w/ anterior radial head dislocation
-may cause radial nerve injury –> wrist drop

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18
Q

galeazzi fracture

A

mid-distal radial shaft fracture w/ dislocation of distal radial-ulnar junction

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19
Q

hutchinson fracture aka chauffer’s fracture

A

radial styloid fracture

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20
Q

tennis elbow vs. golfer’s elbow

A

lateral (tennis) epicondylitis

medial (golfers) epicondylitis

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21
Q

“piece of pie” sign or “spilled teacup” sign on xray

A

lunate dislocation –> emergent consult

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22
Q

“dinner fork deformity” on xray

A

colles fracture

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23
Q

kienbock’s disease

A

avascular necrosis of lunate bone

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24
Q

perineal ecchymosis

A

maybe pelvic fracture

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25
Q

legg-calve-perthes disease

A

idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head in children (ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis)

-cresent sign w/ xray on advanced

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26
Q

greenstick fractures

A

-incomplete w/ cortical disruption and periosteal tearing on convex side (intact on concave side) BOWING

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27
Q

torus (buckle) fracture

A

incomplete frx with “wrinkling or bump” of metaphyseal-diaphyseal jx due to axial loading

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28
Q

unhappy (O’Donoghue’s) triad

A

injury to ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

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29
Q

lachman’s test

A

ACL injury (also anterior drawer)

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30
Q

segond fracture

A

avulsion of lateral tibial condyle w/ varus stress to the knee –> pathognomic for ACL tear

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31
Q

patella baja

A

quad tendon rupture

palpable defect below knee

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32
Q

patella alta

A

patellar tendon rupture

palpable defect above knee

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33
Q

apprehension sign

A

patellar dislocation or patellofemoral syndrome (chondromalacia)
pt anxious/forcefully contracts quad when examiner pushes laterally (after reduced)

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34
Q

sign of peroneal nerve injury

A

foot drop

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35
Q

ober test

A

pain or resistance to leg adduction

-IT band syndrome

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36
Q

thompson test

A

achilles tendon rupture

-weak, absent plantar flexion when gastrocneumius is squeezed

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37
Q

weber ankle fracture classification

A

level of fibular fracture (lateral malleolus)
-relative to the syndesmosis (tibia + talas)
Weber A - below syndesmosis
Weber B - level of syndesmosis
Weber C - above syndesmosis

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38
Q

fleck sign xray

A

lisfranc injury foot

-frx at base of 2nd metatarsal –> disrupts articulation of medial cuneiform (foot bone) and base of 2nd metatarsal

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39
Q

sciatica sx

A

back pain radiates to thigh/butt –> lower leg (below knee), down L5-S1 dermatome
-increases w/ valsalva

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40
Q

L4 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)

A

sensory: anterior thigh pain, sensory loss to medial ankle
weakness: ankle dorsiflexion
reflex: loss of knee jerk (weak knee extension / quads)

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41
Q

L5 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)

A

sensory: lateral thigh/leg, hip, groin paresthesias and pain; dorsum of foot esp btw 1st/2nd toes
weakness: big toe extension (dorsiflexion), walking on heels more difficult than toes
reflex: usually normal

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42
Q

S1 herniated disc (sensory, weakness, reflex)

A

sensory: posterior leg/calf, gluteus
weakness: plantar flexion, walking on toes harder than heels
reflex: loss of ankle jerk

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43
Q

no “anal wink”

A

cauda equina syndrome

-dec anal sphincter tone on rectal exam

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44
Q

scoliosis + cafe au lait spots, skin tags, axillary freckles

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

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45
Q

codman’s triangle

A

OSTEO SARCOMA or EWING SARCOMA

-ossification of raised periosteum

46
Q

xray: “hair on end” or “sun ray / burst” appearance

A

osteosarcoma

47
Q

xray: “onion skin”

A

ewing sarcoma

-layered periosteal rx appearance

48
Q

xray: punctate or ring & arc appearance of calcification

A

chondrosarcoma

49
Q

abnomal labs paget disease

A

increased alk phos

50
Q

xray: “blade of grass/flame shaped” lucency; skull: cotton-wool appearance

A

paget disease

51
Q

annular, red patches on face, scalp, heals w/ scarring

A

discoid lupus

52
Q

triad: joint pain, fever, malar “butterfly rash”

A

SLE

53
Q

heliotrope (blue/purple) upper eyelid discolor
gottron’s papules (raised, violaceous scaly eruptions on knuckles)
photosensitive poikiloderma “shawl or V sign”
diffuse alopecia

A

dermatomyositis

54
Q

+ANTI-JO 1 AB

A

myositis-specific antibody - assoc w/ “mechanic hands”, GOTTRON’S PAPULES - raised violaceous scaly knuckle eruptions (DERMATOMYOSITIS)

55
Q

+ANTI-SRP AB

A

signal recognition particle ab - almost exclusively seen with POLYMYOSITIS

56
Q

+ANTI-MI-2-AB

A

DERMATOMYOSITIS

57
Q

+ANA, esp antiSS-A (Ro) & antiSS-B (La)

A

sjogren’s

58
Q

+ Schirmer test

A

decreased tear production -. sjogren’s

59
Q

+ ANTI DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA & ANTI-SMITH AB

A

100% specific for SLE, not sensitive

60
Q

purine rich foods

A

alcohol, liver, seafood, yeasts

61
Q

arthritis in children <16yo

  • less than 5 joints involved in 1st 6 mo
  • Type 1 may be assoc w/ IRIDOCYCLITIS (ANT UVEITIS)
  • Type 2 assoc w/ increased incidence of akylosing spond
A

juvenile idiopathic –> PAUCI-ARTICULAR oligoarticular)

62
Q

arthritis in children <16yo

  • daily arthritis, DIURNAL HIGH FEVER w/in 1st 6 mo
  • SALMON-COLORED / PINK MIGRATORY RASH +/- koebner phenom
  • assoc w/ hepatosplenomegaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy & serositis
A

juvenile idiopathic –> SYSTEMIC/ACUTE FEBRILE (STILL’S DZ)

63
Q

arthritis in children <16yo

  • ARTHRITIS > 5 SMALL JT in 1st 6 mo (usually symmetric); most similar to adult RA
  • inc risk of IRIDOCYCLITIS
  • RF neg assoc w/ better prognosis than RF pos
A

juvenile idiopathic –> POLYARTICULAR

64
Q

HEBERDEN’S NODE

A

osteophytes @ DIP joints –> OA

65
Q

bouchard’s node

A

osteophytes @ PIP joints –> OA

66
Q

morning joint stiffness, better after some activity

A

RA

67
Q

evening joint stiffness, better after rest

A

OA

68
Q

triad: RA, splenomegaly & decreased WBC/repeated infx

A

Felty’s Syndrome (rare)

69
Q

RA + pneumoconiosis

A

CAPLAN syndrome

70
Q

boutonniere deformity, swan neck deformity, ulnar deviation at MCP

A

RA

71
Q

boutonniere deformity

A

flex @ PIP

hyperextend @ DIP

72
Q

swan neck deformity

A

flex @ DIP

hyperextend @ PIP

73
Q

HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, fever, vision changes

A

giant cell / temporal arteritis

74
Q

RECURRENT, PAINFUL ORAL AND GENITAL ULCERS

A

Behcet’s Syndrome

75
Q

reactive thrombocytosis

A

increased platelets

76
Q

ASTHMA, HYPEREOSINOPHLIA, CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS

A

Churg-Strauss (eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis)

77
Q

upper resp tract/nose sx (& saddle nose deform)
lower resp tract/lung sx
glomerulonephritis

A

Wegener’s (granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

78
Q

glomerulonephritis (rapidly progressing) + pulmonary hemorrhage (hemoptysis)

A

goodpasture’s disease

79
Q

xray: “pencil in cup” deformity

A

psoriatic arthritis

80
Q

xray: BAMBOO SPINE = SQUARING/BRIDGING OF VERTEBRAL BODIES

A

ankylosing spondylitis

81
Q

+HLA-B27 gene

A

SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
reactive arthritis/reiter’s syndrome

82
Q

-TRIAD: CONJUNCTIVITIS, URETHRITIS, ARTHRITIS (esp lower extremities)
+KERATODERMA BLENNORRHAGICUM - hyperkeratotic lesions on palms/soles

A

reactive arthritis

83
Q

arthocentesis fluid WBC >50K (also positive cultures)

A

septic arthritis

-less than 50K in gout, pseudo gout, reactive arthritis (and negative cultures)

84
Q

P-ANCA

A

MICROSCOPIC POLYANGITIS (MPA)
CHURG STAUSS
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

-perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic AB cause release of lytic enzymes from WBC, result in inflam of BV wall (vasculitis)

85
Q

C-ANCA

A

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS (GPA)

-cytoplasmic antineutrophil AB

86
Q

ESR (inc explained)

A

w/ inflam, high levels of fibrinogen causes RBC to stick together (rouleaux formation) causing them to settle faster

87
Q

C-reactive protein (inc explained)

A

CRP released by liver in response to factors secreted by macrophages which help to activate complement (acute phase rx)

88
Q

ANA (explained)

A

auto-AB against the nucleus

-present in low titers in gen pop, inc in autoimmune

89
Q

TNF (explained)

A

group of cytokines that promote the inflammatory response, can cause cell death apoptosis (seen in tumor regression, septic shock and cachexia)
-elevated in: RA, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, PSORIASIS, CROHNS

90
Q

IgA (explained)

A

CRITICAL ROLE IN MUCOSAL IMMUNITY - secreted in tears, saliva, resp epithelium, GI tract, GU tract
-seen in BERGER’S DZ (IgA nephropathy), HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PUPURA & CELIACS

91
Q

+ ACETYCHOLINE RECEPTOR AB

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

92
Q

+ B-2 GLYCOPROTEIN 1 AB

A

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)

93
Q

+ CARDIOLIPIN AB

A

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)

94
Q

+ CENTROMERE AB

A

CREST SYNDROME

95
Q

+ CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE PROTEIN

A

RA SPECIFIC

96
Q

+ ENDOMYSIAL AB

A

CELIACS

97
Q

+ GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE AB

A

GOODPASTURE’S SYNDROME

98
Q

+ HISTONE AB

A

DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS

99
Q

LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT AB

A

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (SLE)

100
Q

+ MITOCHONDRIAL AB

A

PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS

101
Q

+ MUSK AB

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS - MAY BE POS IN AChR-NEG PT W/ MG

102
Q

+ RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN (RNP) AB

A

MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DZ

SLE

103
Q

+ SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AB

A

CROHN’S

104
Q

+ SCL-70 (TOPOISOMERASE) AB

A

DIFFUSE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SCLERODERMA)

105
Q

+ SIGNAL RECOGNITION PROTEIN (SRP) AB

A

POLYMYOSITIS

106
Q

+ SMITH AB

A

SLE (specific, not sensitive)

107
Q

+ SMOOTH MUSCLE AB

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEPAITTIS

108
Q

+ THYROGLOBLIN AB

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMM THYROIDITIS

109
Q

+ THYROID PEROXIDASE (TPO) AB

A

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMM THYROIDITIS

110
Q

+ TRANSGLUTAMINASE AB

A

CELIACS

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS

111
Q

+ TSH (THYROTROPIN) RECEPTOR AB

A

GRAVES DZ

112
Q

+ VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL AB

A

LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME

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