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Buzzwords > Buzzwords - Cardio > Flashcards

Buzzwords - Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

TX: tachy, stable (no hypotn, ams, chest pain, acute hf)

w/ ATRIAL FLUTTER

A

beta blocker or calcium channel blocker 1st line

skip adenosine

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2
Q

TX: tachy, stable (no hypotn, ams, chest pain, acute hf)

w/ A-FIB

A

beta blocker or calcium channel blocker 1st line

skip adenosine

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3
Q

TX: tachy, stable (no hypotn, ams, chest pain, acute hf)

w/ WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE

A

PROCAINAMIDE or amiodarone

-avoid adenosine, bb, ccb, digoxin

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4
Q

2 “shockable” rhythms using defibrillation (UNsynchronized cardioversion)

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

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5
Q

TX: ventricular tachycardia

A

stable, sustained –> ANTIARRHYTHMICS (AMIODARONE, lidocaine, procainamide)

unstable vt w/ pulse –> CARDIOVERSION (SYNC)

vt w/ no pulse –> DEFIBRILLATION (UNSYNC) + CPR

torsades de pointes –> IV MAGNESIUM

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6
Q

TX: ventricular fibriollation

A

DEFIBRILLATION (UNSYNC) + CPR

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7
Q

TX: pulseless electrical activity

A

organized rhythm on monitor but no palpable pulse (electrical activity not coupled w/ mechanical contraction)

CPR + EPINEPHRINE + CHECK FOR “SHOCKABLE RHYTHM EVERY 2 MINUTES

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8
Q

TX: asystole (flat line)

A

tx like PEA

CPR + EPINEPHRINE + CHECK FOR “SHOCKABLE RHYTHM EVERY 2 MINUTES

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9
Q

increased JVP + crackles/rales in lungs

A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

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10
Q

increased JVP + normal pulm exam

A

PERICARDIAL (EX TAMPONADE OR CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS)

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11
Q

increased JVP + decreased breath sounds

A

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX

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12
Q

inc aldosterone

A

inc Na retention

-at expense of K and H (inc secretion of K and H)

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13
Q

inc ADH

A

inc H2O retention

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14
Q

LEVINE’S SIGN

A

clenched fist over chest –> ANGINA

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15
Q

C/I in cocaine-induced MI or variant/prenzmetal angina

A

DONT USE B-BLOCKER (causes unopposed alpha-1 vasoconstriction)

USE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER

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16
Q

acute MI protocol

A
  • ECG w/in 10 minutes
  • door to thrombolytics/fibrinolysis w/in 30 min
  • door to PCI w/in 90 min (+/- 30m)
  • MONA regimen: morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin
  • perform hx/exam
  • obtain cardiac markers
  • O2 at 4L/min

STEMI: BB, NTG, ASA, heparin, ACEI, REPERFUSION (PCI or thrombolytics/fibrinolysis)***

UA or NSTEMI: BB, NTG, ASA, heparin, NO EMERGENT REPERFUSION!

COCAINE INDUCED: ASA, NTG, heparin, benzos (avoid BB bc of vasospasm)

  • *R ventricular (inferior wall) MI –> caution w/ nitrates and morphine (may reduce preload) + give fluids
  • *if viagra or erectile meds –> NO NITRATES (reduces preload)
17
Q

Dressler syndrome

A

POST-MI PERICARDITIS + FEVER + PULMONARY INFILTRATES

18
Q

decreased ejection fraction
thin ventricle walls
dilated LV chamber
+S3 gallop

A

systolic heart failure

19
Q

normal/increased ejection fraction
thick ventricle walls
small LV chamber
+S4 gallop

A

diastolic heart failure

20
Q

dyspnea
pulmonary congestion (rales, rhonchi)
cheyne-stokes breathing
increased adrenergic activation

A

left-sided heart failure

inc pulm venous pressure from fluid backing up into lungs

21
Q

peripheral edema
jugular venous distention
GI/hepatic congestion

A

right-sided heart failure

inc systemic venous pressure –> systemic fluid retention

22
Q

BECK’S TRIAD: DISTANT/MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS, INC JVP, SYSTEMIC HYPOTENSION

A

PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE

23
Q

viral damage to heart mc cause

A

ENTEROVIRUSES (COXSACKIE B, echovirus)

-cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis

24
Q

ejection click

A

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE - chordae tendinae abruptly pulls mitral valve tight - SYSTOLE

25
Q

opening snap

A

MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS - diastole

26
Q

harsh/rumble murmur sounds

A 
THINK STENOSIS (AS, MS) - abnormal forward flow through stenotic valve that should be open
-lead to pressure overload
27
Q

blowing murmur sound

A 
THINK REGURGITATION (AR, MR) - abnormal backflow of blood through an incompletely closed valve
-leads to volume overload
28
Q

systolic vs diastolic murmurs

A

SYSTOLIC: AS, MR

DIASTOLIC: AR, MS –> “ARMS REST”

29
Q

murmurs radiate to?

A

AS –> carotid
AR –> left upper sternal border

MS –> no radiation
MR –> axilla

30
Q

murmur position

A

AORTIC: sitting up and leaning forward accentuates

MITRAL: lying on left side accentuates

31
Q
  • JANEWAY LESIONS - red, painless on palms/soles
  • ROTH SPOTS - retinal hemorrhages w/ pale center
  • PETECHIAE - conjunctiva, palate
  • OSLER’S NODES - tender nodules on pads of digits
  • SPLINTER HEMORRHAGES of proximal nail bed
A

infective endocarditis

32
Q

VIRCHOWS TRIAD

A

THROMBI - peripheral venous disease

INTIMAL DAMAGE - trauma, infx, inflam
STASIS - prolonged sitting >4 h
HYPERCOAGUABILITY - factor V leiden, C or S deficient, OCP, malignancy, pregnancy

33
Q

TROUSSEAU’S SYNDROME

A

MIGRATORY THROMBOPHLEBITIS IS ASSOC W/ MALIGNANCY

34
Q

peripheral VENOUS vs ARTERIAL disease

A

VENOUS

  • worse w/ standing, sitting, leg dependency
  • better w/ walking, elevation
  • cyanotic leg when dependent

ARTERIAL

  • better when resting, leg dependent
  • worse with walking, elevation, cold
  • redness w/ dependency and cyanotic w/ elevation
35
Q

TYPE OF SHOCK, DON’T GIVE LARGE AMOUNTS OF FLUID

A

CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Buzzwords (11 decks)

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