Buzzwords - EENT Flashcards
red-rimming of eyelid and eyelash flaking
blepharitis
hordeolum
stye - staph 90-95%
-internal (meibomian gland)
seidel’s test
parting of fluorescein dye by clear stream of aqueous humor from anterior chamber
-globe rupture
hyphema
blood in anterior chamber of eye
- keep at 45 degrees to keep blood from staining cornea
- optho emergency
teardrop sign on CT of face
orbital floor “blowout” fracture
scotomas
blind spots, shadows (maybe Macular Degen)
metamorphopsia
straight lines appear bent (maybe Macular Degen)
cotton wool spots (soft exudates), hard exudates, blot & dot hemorrhages
diabetic retinopathy
copper/silver wiring, AV nicking, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, papilledema
hypertensive retinopathy
normal fundoscopic exam (cup:disc)
normal cup less than half the disc (less than 1:2)
shafer’s sign / tobacco dust
retinal detachment - clumping of brown-colored pigment cells in anterior vitreous humor in fundo exam
unilateral “curtain coming down” in peripheral initially, then central
retinal detachment
temporary “curtain” that “lifts up” usually w/in one hour
amaurosis fugax - retinal emboli or ischemia
- TIA, giant cell arteritis, SLE, CRAO
- monocular vision loss
eye - preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery discharge, scant mucoid discharge, conjunctivitis
viral conjunctivitis
difference btw orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis
orbital - decreased vision, pain w/ movement
preseptal - no vision change or pain w/ movement
strabismus
misalignment of eyes (stable align not until 2-3 mo)
test w/ cover/uncover
-esotropia - convergent (cross-eyed)
-exotropia - divergent (wall-eyed)
marcus-gunn pupil
afferent pupillary defect - during swinging-flashlight test from unaffected to affected eye, pupils appear to dilate (should constrict w/ light)
(delayed response of affected optic nerve)
- positive in papillitis, retrobulbar neuritis
- negative in papilledema, glaucoma
argyll-robertson pupil
near-light dissociation - pupil constricts on accomodation but doesn’t react to bright light
ARP - accommodation reflex present, pupillary reflex absent
-neurosyphilis MC, midbrain lesion, DM neuropathy
conjunctival erythema, steamy cornea, mid-dilated, fixed, nonreactive pupil
acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma
cupping of optic discs
glaucoma (open or closed angle)
Fundoscopy:
“box car” appearance
pale retina w/ cherry-red macula
central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
Fundoscopy:
“blood & thunder” appearance
central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) - extensive retinal hemorrhages
malignant otitis externa
osteomyelitis at skull base 2ry to pseudomonas (mc in DM and immunocompromised)
-tx- IV antipseudomonal: ceftazidime, FQ
barotrauma
rapid pressure change in ears (airplane descent)
weber test
place on top of head
- normal - no lateralization
- sensorineural loss - lateralizes to normal ear
- conductive loss - lateralizes to affected ear
rinne test
place on mastoid by ear
- normal (positive) - AC>BC
- sensorineural loss - AC>BC difficulty hearing own voice
- conductive loss - BC>AC (negative)
episodic vertigo, no hearing loss
benign positional vertigo
episodic vertigo + hearing loss
meniere’s
continuous vertigo, no hearing loss
vestibular neuritis
continuous vertigo + hearing loss
labyrinthitis
horizontal nystagmus, fatigable
peripheral vertigo (usually beats away from affected side)
vertical nystagmus, nonfatigable
central vertigo (brainstem or cerebellar)
+ dix-hallpike test/nylan barany
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
-patient placed supine w/ head 30 deg lower than body, head quickly turned to 90 deg one side = delayed fatigable horizontal nystagmus
black eschar on palate, face
mucormycosis (chronic sinusitis caused by fungus, esp in immunocomp patients)
water’s view on Xray
to view sinuses (but CT scan test of choice)
samter’s triad
asthma
nasal polyps
aspirin/nsaid sensitivity/allergy
nasal polyps
allergic rhinitis MC - tx w/ intranasal corticosteroids
can be seen with cystic fibrosis
kiesselbach’s plexus
mc site for nose bleed in anterior portion (mc area)
palatine artery
mc site for posterior nose bleed (may cause bleeding in both nares & posterior pharynx)
hot potato voice
peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis
uvula deviates to contralateral side
peritonsillar abscess
white curd-like plaques +/- leave behind erythema/bleeds if scraped, painful
oral candidiasis
painless, white patchy lesion that cannot be scraped off
oral leukoplakia
lacy leukoplakia of oral mucosa (wickham striae)
oral lichen planus
trismus
lock jaw
-complication of suppurative parotitis or peritonsillar abscess
amblyopia
lazy eye
- untreated strabismus (cross/wall eye) can lead to lazy
- brain ignoring the visual input from the strabismic eye in an attempt to limit diplopia and poor depth perception
anisocoria
pupil size difference
pott puffy tumor
Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone
-complication of sinusitis, characterized by edema and swelling of the forehead
traumatic retinoschisis along with intracranial or intraocular hemorrhages in a child under 5
Shaken baby syndrome (Nonaccidental inflicted neurotrauma)
PAINFUL vision loss
acute angle closure glaucoma optic neuritis temporal arteritis corneal abrasion/ulcer anterior uveitis iritis endopthalmitis
PAINLESS vision loss
retinal detachment CRAO CRVO vitreous hemorrhage amaurosis fugax macular degeneration CVA
