Buzzwords - GI Flashcards
secretin test - leads to reduced gastrin levels except for in…
zollinger-ellison syndrome (assoc w/ no suppression of gastrin levels w/ secretin test)
-eval of hypergastrinemia
stim gallbladder contraction and bile release
CCK (cholecystokinin)
stim pancreatic release of digestive enzymes
CCK (cholecystokinin)
digestive enzyme breaks down fats into fatty acids
lipase
digestive enzyme breaks down starches into simple sugars
amylase
digestive enzymes (precursors) that break down proteins
proteases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen)
bicarbonate secretion from pancreas stimulated by?
secretin from duodenum
-bicarb activates protease, amylase, lipase
esophagram shows “corkscrew” esophagus
diffuse esophageal spasm
esophagram shows “bird’s beak appearance of LES”
achalasia (narrowing)
UPPER ENDOSCOPY –> SUPERFICIAL LONGITUDINAL MUCOSAL EROSIONS
MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME
-mc after persistent vomiting post-ETOH binge
dysphagia, esophageal webs, iron-deficiency anemia
atrophic glossitis
plummer-vinson syndrome
schatzki ring
lower esophageal webs @ squamocolumnar jx
-MC assoc w/ sliding hiatal hernias
multiple peptic ulcers, refractory “kissing” ulcers
zollinger-ellison syndrome
-gastric carcinoma
virchow’s node
superclaviular LN
–gastric carcinoma
sister mary joseph’s node
umbilical LN
-gastric carcinoma
krukenburg tumor
ovarian mets
-gastric carcinoma
blumer’s shelf
palpable nodule on rectal exam
-gastric carcinoma
irish sign
left axillary LN involvement
-gastric carcinoma
albumin lab and liver fx
albumin levels decrease w/ liver failure (can’t synthesize protein)
charcot’s triad
acute cholangitis
-fever, RUQ pain, jaundice
reynold’s pentad
acute cholangitis
-charcot’s triad (F, RUQ pain, jaundice) + shock + AMS
+ boas sign
acute cholecystitis
-referred pain to right shoulder subscapular area (phrenic nerve irritation)
+ kehr’s sign
splenic rupture
-referred pain to left subscapular area due to phrenic nerve irritation
Hep B vaccine c/i if allergic to
baker’s yeast
+ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL AB HALLMARK
primary biliary cirrhosis
CULLEN’S SIGN
periumbilical ecchymosis
-acute pancreatitis
Gray Turner sign
flank ecchymosis
-acute pancreatitis
sentinel loop on xray
localized ileus - dilated small bowel in LUQ
-acute pancreatitis
colon cut-off sign on xray
abrupt collapse of colon near pancreas
-pancreatitis
COURVOISIER’S SIGN
palpable, nontender, distended GB assoc w/ jaundice
-ASSOC W/ PANCREATIC CANCER
embolus vs thrombus
embolus - from a-fib, MI
thrombus - plaque/atherosclerosis
barium enema - APPLE CORE LESIONS
colon cancer
colonoscopy: “SKIP LESIONS” AND “COBBLESTONE APPEARANCE”
crohn’s disease
barium enema: “STRING SIGN” narrowed/scarred area
crohn’s disease
barium enema: “STOVE PIPE SIGN” narrowed/scarred area
ulcerative colitis
BITOT’S SPOTS
vitamin A deficiency
white spots on conjunctiva due to squamous metaplasia of corneal epithelium
PEA SOUP STOOLS
SAMOLNELLA. TYPHI
TYPHOID ENTERIC FEVER
Swallowed foreign bodies most commonly obstruct at WHAT level?
C6, the cricopharyngeus muscle
aortic arch at the level of T4 is the second mc
gastroesophageal junction at T11 is third mc
tracheal bifurcation at T6 is the fourth mc
HEINZ BODIES
G6PD deficiency
-denatured globin chains inside of a red cell membrane
