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Buzzwords > Buzzwords - Renal & GU > Flashcards

Buzzwords - Renal & GU Flashcards

1
Q

delay from radial to femoral pulse

A

coarctation of aorta

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2
Q

small flattened villi in bx of small intestine

A

celiacs

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3
Q

sentinel loop or colon cutoff sign

A

inflam in the area - pancreatitis or appendicitis (depends on area)

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4
Q

podocyte damage on electron microscope

A

minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome)

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5
Q

periorbital edema (esp in children) usually worse in morning, +/- scrotal edema

A

minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome)…could also be glomerulonephritis/nephritic (if blood in urine)

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6
Q

HTN, hematuria (RBC casts), dependent edema (protienuria), azotemia

A

acute glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)

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7
Q

berger’s disease

A

IgA nephropathy (mc cause of acute glomerulonephritis)

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8
Q

crescent formation (bowman’s capsule) on biopsy

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (rpgn) poor prognosis

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9
Q

goodpasture’s disease

A

autoimmune AB attack basement membrane of alveoli and glomerulus (= type of acute glomerulonephritis)

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10
Q

azotemia

A

increased BUN

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11
Q

sx: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

A

nephrotic syndrome

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12
Q

fatty casts, oval fat bodies “maltese cross”

A

nephrotic syndrome (think of pt seen w/ natalie)

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13
Q

cellular cast formation

A

intrinsic AKI

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14
Q

bence-jones proteins

A

multiple myeloma

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15
Q

muddy brown casts or epithelial cell casts

A

acute tubular necrosis

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16
Q

WBC casts, pyruia

A

acute tubulointerstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis

-also fever, eosinophilia, maculopapular rash, arthralgias, inc serum IgE for AIN

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17
Q

waxy casts (acellular w/ sharp edges)

A

narrow waxy casts: chronic ATN / glomerulonephritis

broad waxy casts: end-stage renal dz

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18
Q

hyaline casts

A

nonspecific (may be normal)

-Tamm-Horsfall proteins secreted by tubular epith cells

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19
Q

UA: hematuria & pyuria (no red cell casts)

A

UTI mc

-may be acute intertitial nephritis (AIN), glomerular dz, vasculitis

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20
Q

UA: pyuria alone

A

UTI mc

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21
Q

small kidneys on US

A

CKD

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22
Q

rapid correction of hypoNa concern

A

central pontine myelinolysis

no faster than 0.5 mEq/L per hour

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23
Q

polyuria (up to 20L/d), polydipsia, nocturia (clinically symptomatic w/ decreased oral free water intake)

A

diabetes insipidus

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24
Q

aldosterone

A

causes Na retention

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25
Q 
peripheral and presacral edema
pulmonary edema
jugular venous distension
hypertension
(decreased hct, serum protein, and BUN:Cr)
A

HYPERvolemia

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26
Q 
poor skin turgor
dry mucus membranes
flat neck veins
hypotension
(increased hct, serum protein & BUN:Cr ratio)
A

HYPOvolemia

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27
Q

chvostek sign

A

tap face and get spasm if hypocalcemia

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28
Q

trousseau sign

A

carpal spasm w/ BP cuff = hypocalcemia

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29
Q

perioral numbness

A

hypocalcemia

30
Q

calcium elevated AND phosphate elevated

A

renal failure (other types hyperCa should be opposite)

31
Q

hyponatremia

A

increased free water

  • due to impaired kidney ability to excrete free water (unable to make dilute urine)
  • risk of CNS dysfunction due to cerebral edema
32
Q

“salt and pepper” appearance of skull and brown tumors in long bones

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (due primary hyperparathyroidism)

33
Q

piriformis syndrome

A

compression of sciatic nerve

34
Q

bone pain, kidney stones, abdominal pain, lethargy, psychosis

A

bones, stones, groans, psychotic moans –> HYPERcalcemia

35
Q

anion gap metabolic acidosis causes

A

MUDPILES: methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, iron, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates

36
Q

scrotal pain, erythema & swelling mc unilateral (no N/V)

A

epididymitis / orchitis

+/- fever

37
Q

positive prehn’s sign

normal (pos) cremasteric reflex

A

relief of pain w/ elevation of affected scrotum

epididymitis / orchitis

38
Q

abrupt onset of scrotal, inguinal or lower abdominal pain (usually <6 hrs) +/- N/V

A

testicular torsion

39
Q

negative prehn’s sign

absent (neg) cremasteric reflex

A

no pain relief w/ elevation of scrotum

testicular torsion

40
Q

“blue dot sign” at the upper pole

A

torsion of appendix of testis

41
Q

painless testicular nodule, solid mass or enlargement (can’t seperate from testicle) +/- hydrocele

A

testicular cancer

42
Q

painless scrotal swelling + transillumination

A

hydrocele

43
Q

mc surgically correctable cause of male infertility

A

varicocle (increased temp from increased venous blood flow inhibits spermatogenesis)

44
Q

“bag of worms” superior to testicle

A

varicocle - dilation worsens when upright or valsalva

45
Q

recurring UTI in sexually active women (not e.coli)

A

staph saprophyticus

46
Q

perineal pain (w/ F/C, urinary sx)

A

acute prostatitis

47
Q

exquisitely tender, normal or hot, boggy prostate

A

acute prostatitis

48
Q

nontender, boggy prostate

A

chronic prostatitis

49
Q

uniformly enlarged, rubbery, firm prostate

A

BPH

50
Q

hematuria, flank/abdominal pain, palpable mass

A

renal cell carcinoma

  • malaise, WL
  • L-sided varicocele
  • HTN & hypercalcemia common (inc PTH)
51
Q

painless, palpable, abdominal mass (doesn’t cross midline) hematuria, HTN, anemia (MC in children 1-5 yo)

A

wilms tumor / nephroblastoma

52
Q

incontinence from sneezing, coughing, laughing

A

stress incontinence

53
Q

small volume voids, post-void residual >200

A

overflow incontinence

54
Q

urgency, frequency, small volume voids, NOCTURIA

A

urge incontinence

55
Q

yellow-green discharge, strawberry cervix, vaginal pH > 5 and motile trichomonads

A

trichomonas

56
Q

off-white, thin, and homogeneous vaginal discharge with “fishy” odor

A

bacterial vaginosis - change in the vaginal flora brought about by the reduction in concentration of lactobacilli
-Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma sp., and Mycoplasma sp

57
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of glans penis

  • balanoposthitis inflammation of foreskin (uncircumcised)
  • MC cause is candida
58
Q

radio translucent stones (don’t show up on xray)

A

uric acid stones (show up on US or CT scan)

59
Q

painful genital ulcers and inguinal bubo (unilateral painful node)

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

60
Q

painless chancre

A

syphilis

61
Q

painless genital ulcers, highly vascular, beefy red appearance and bleeding on contact

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

62
Q

Priapism after cervical spine injury (fracture where?)

A

C5 fracture

63
Q

bell clapper deformity

A

testicular torsion, the testis on the affected side sits higher with the long axis of the testis orienting horizontally instead of vertically due to shortening of the spermatic cord

64
Q

elongated face, prominent jaw, large ears, macro-orchidism, and a range of behavioral anomalies and cognitive deficits

A

fragile x syndrome

65
Q

additional X chromosome in males (47, XXY)

small testes with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gynecomastia, infertile.

A

Klinefelter syndrome

66
Q

elevated CA19-9

A

pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, and gastric cancer.

67
Q

elevated CA-125

A

maybe ovarian cancer

68
Q

elevated carcinoembryonic antigen

A

colorectal cancer and breast cancer

69
Q

painful, shallow, tender, genital lesions

+ low fever, myalgias (2-7 day incubation)

A

genital herpes

-lesions last 2-4 weeks

70
Q

asymmetric areas or induration or nodules of prostate

A

prostate cancer

Buzzwords (11 decks)

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