MC from dashboard quiz Ch 12 Flashcards
1
Q
- In order to increase the decibel measurement of a sound, one would have to alter its
wave
a. form.
b. phase.
c. amplitude.
d. frequency.
e. length.
A
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Sound
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
2
Q
- Which statement about the audible spectrum is false?
a. Children can often hear frequencies that adults cannot.
b. Small animals are often more sensitive to higher frequencies than larger animals.
c. Animals that echolocate often rely on very high-frequency sounds.
d. Large predators often make low-frequency sounds as they approach their prey.
e. Collectively, mammals can only hear tones at frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20
kHz.
A
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: The Audible Spectrum
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
3
Q
- Which of the following is not a cause of hearing loss?
a. Acoustic trauma
b. Ototoxic drugs
c. Aging
d. All of the above are causes of hearing loss.
e. None of the above are causes of hearing loss.
A
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Clinical Applications: Hearing Loss: Causes and Treatments
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
4
Q
- Which statement about the functioning of cochlear implants (CIs) is false?
a. They are designed to induce electromechanical pressure waves within the cochlear
fluid.
b. They require an electrical connection from an implanted stimulator to a cochlear
electrode array.
c. They provide tonotopic delivery of electrical signals along the length of the cochlea.
d. They require an auditory signal processing device that decomposes sounds into
component frequencies.
e. They electrically stimulate residual hair cells and/or primary auditory afferents.
A
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Clinical Applications: Hearing Loss: Causes and Treatments
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
5
Q
- Which function is not an operation of the outer ear?
a. Boosting sound pressure level as it enters the ear
b. Filtering sound in an adaptive manner based on source elevation
c. Directing different frequencies of sound to specific cochlear locations
d. Optimally transmitting sounds in our range of vocalizations
e. Boosting frequencies by means of passive resonances
A
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The External Ear
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
6
Q
- Which action is the primary function of the three bones in the middle ear?
a. Selective transmission of high-frequency sounds
b. Selective transmission of low-frequency sounds
c. Amplification of sound pressure waves to increase auditory sensitivity
d. Dampening sound pressure waves to prevent damage to the ear
e. Facilitation of fluid drainage from the Eustachian tube
A
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The Middle Ear
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
7
Q
- What quality gives rise to tonotopy along the cochlea?
a. The changing width and stiffness of the tectorial membrane
b. The changing width and stiffness of the basilar membrane
c. The speed at which sound waves propagate along the length of the cochlea
d. The changing mechanical properties of the cochlear wall along the length of the
cochlea
e. The increasing density of the cochlear fluid along the length of the cochlea
A
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: The Inner Ear
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
8
Q
- Which statement about sensory transduction by hair cells is false?
a. Bending of the cilia toward the longest cilium produces depolarization.
b. The electrical activity initiated by the tip links is transmitted to the vesicular release
sites along microtubules that undergo voltage-dependent rearrangements.
c. The hair cell body (basal end) is bathed in perilymph, while the hair cell cilia are
bathed in endolymph.
d. Hair cells are presynaptic to second-order sensory neurons.
e. The firing of action potentials in second-order sensory neurons can be either up- or
down-regulated, depending on the direction in which the bundle of cilia (of the afferent
hair cell) is bent.
A
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Hair Cells and the Mechanoelectrical Transduction of Sound Waves
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
9
Q
- Research into the biology of those stem cells that generate cochlear hair cells during
development could be valuable because
a. hair cells are quite sensitive to damage.
b. humans begin life with a relatively small number (~15,000 per cochlea) of hair cells.
c. mammalian hair cells do not regenerate themselves.
d. understanding the basic mechanisms of hair-cell development may suggest therapeutic
approaches.
e. All of the above
A
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Hair Cells and the Mechanoelectrical Transduction of Sound Waves
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
10
Q
- Which ion and direction of flow is responsible for depolarization of inner hair cells?
a. Potassium into the cell
b. Potassium out of the cell
c. Sodium into the cell
d. Sodium out of the cell
e. Calcium out of the cell
A
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Ionic Basis of Mechanotransduction in Hair Cells
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
11
Q
- In which way is the mechanism of hair-cell transduction distinct from sensory
transduction mechanisms that occur outside the ear?
a. Potassium influx from the endolymph depolarizes the hair cell.
b. Potassium efflux into the perilymph repolarizes the hair cell.
c. Calcium and calcium-activated potassium channels contribute to electromechanical
resonance.
d. The two domains of the hair cell operate, in effect, as two distinct compartments, each
with its own ionic equilibrium potentials.
e. All of the above
A
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: The Ionic Basis of Mechanotransduction in Hair Cells
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
12
Q
- What is the difference between the endolymph and perilymph?
a. Perilymph is high in potassium and low in sodium; endolymph is high in sodium and
low in potassium.
b. Endolymph is high in potassium; perilymph is high in both potassium and calcium.
c. Perilymph is located in the semicircular canals; endolymph is located in the cochlea.
d. Endolymph is high in potassium and low in sodium; perilymph is high in sodium and
low in potassium.
e. The composition of perilymph is important for proper hair cell functioning; the
composition of endolymph does not have effect hair cell functioning.
A
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: The Ionic Basis of Mechanotransduction in Hair Cells
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
13
Q
- Which statement about auditory nerve fibers is false?
a. Afferent fibers receive input from inner hair cells.
b. Efferent fibers innervate the three rows of outer hair cells.
c. The characteristic frequency of the hair cells varies systematically along the cochlear
axis.
d. The higher frequency fibers can respond well to stimuli at frequencies in the 10 to 20
kHz range.
e. The lower frequency fibers have a sharp tuning peak plus a separate extended hump.
A
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Tuning and Timing in the Auditory Nerve
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
14
Q
- If efferent axons that travel between the brainstem and cochlea are damaged, leaving
the afferent axons intact, which structures would not function properly?
a. Outer hair cells
b. Inner hair cells
c. Kinocilium
d. Hair cells in ampullae
e. Tectorial membrane
A
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Tuning and Timing in the Auditory Nerve
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
15
Q
- Which of the following correctly pairs an auditory pathway location with its input?
a. Superior olive—ipsilateral auditory nerve
b. Inferior colliculus—axons from both cochlear nuclei and contralateral superior olive
c. Nucleus of lateral lemniscus—axons from contralateral cochlear nucleus
d. Medial geniculate complex—axons from ipsilateral superior colliculus
e. Cochlear nuclei—contralateral auditory nerve
A
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: How Information from the Cochlea Reaches Targets in the
Brainstem
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
20
Q
- Refer to the figure.
Damage to which region would affect perception of sound the most?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
A
Answer: c
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
