MC from dashboard quiz Ch 11

Question 1

1. The retinal information that axons carry through the left internal capsule to visual
   cortex
   a. comes from the left eye only.
   b. comes from the right eye only.
   c. is 90% from the left eye.
   d. is 90% from the right eye.
   e. is a roughly 60/40 split of information from the two eyes.

Answer 1

Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Central Projections of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 2

2. In the pupillary light reflex of a healthy individual,
   a. the reflex is elicited only by simultaneous photic stimulation of both eyes.
   b. light falling on the left eye will cause only left pupil constriction.
   c. light falling on the right eye will cause only left pupil constriction.
   d. light falling on one eye will cause both pupils to constrict equally.
   e. light falling on the left eye will cause both pupils to constrict, but the left will constrict
   about twice as much as the right.

Answer 2

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Central Projections of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Question 3

3. Retinal axons project to the
   a. thalamus.
   b. hypothalamus.
   c. superior colliculus.
   d. pretectum.
   e. All of the above

Answer 3

Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Central Projections of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

Question 4

4. Macular sparing
   a. is associated exclusively with cortical damage.
   b. results only from bilateral damage to the optic tracts.
   c. results only from bilateral damage to the optic nerves.
   d. is a transient phenomenon that precedes total blindness.
   e. is a selective preservation of vision, the basis of which is unknown.

Answer 4

Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Clinical Application: Visual Field Deficits
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 5

5. A contralateral visual field deficit is
   a. found only in association with scotomas.
   b. often due to optic tract or cortical damage.
   c. found only with damage to the LGN.
   d. indicative of a pituitary tumor.
   e. caused by damage to just one optic nerve.

Answer 5

Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Clinical Applications: Visual Field Deficits
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 6

6. Refer to the figure.
   Damage to the left optic nerve would result in which type of visual field deficit?
   a. a
   b. b
   c. c
   d. d
   e. e

Answer 6

Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Clinical Applications: Visual Field Deficits
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing

Question 7

7. The strictly monocular portion of the visual field is represented exclusively by which
   region of the retina?
   a. Superior
   b. Inferior
   c. Nasal
   d. Temporal
   e. Fovea

Answer 7

Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Retinotopic Representation of the Visual Field
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

Question 8

8. Which feature is not a characteristic of certain primary visual cortex neurons?
   a. Sensitivity to edges
   b. Preference for a specific orientation
   c. Rate of change in contrast
   d. Preference for a specific direction of motion
   e. Recognition of faces

Answer 8

Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Spatiotemporal Tuning Properties of Neurons in Primary Visual
Cortex
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 9

9. Refer to the figure.
   The figure shows the results of an experiment in which an animal is presented with visual
   stimuli, and recordings are taken simultaneously from the CNS. Given the stimuli and the
   observed recordings, where must the activated neurons be located?
   a. Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
   b. Optic tract
   c. Primary visual cortex
   d. Fusiform gyrus
   e. Retinal ganglion cell

Answer 9

Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Spatiotemporal Tuning Properties of Neurons in Primary Visual
Cortex
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Question 10

10. Which statement about the primary visual cortex is false?
    a. Each of the six layers has distinct cell types that send projections both within cortical
    columns and to structures outside of cortex.
    b. Pyramidal cells are the principal projection neurons of visual cortex.
    c. Layer 4C is dominated by spiny stellate cells.
    d. The upper layers (layers 2 and 3) project to layer 5.
    e. The lower layers (layers 5 and 6) project to the brainstem and thalamus.

Answer 10

Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Primary Visual Cortex Architecture
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Question 11

11. In which structure would a visuotopically organized, alternating (left/right) pattern of
    monocular responsiveness be found?
    a. Layers 2 and 3 of LGN
    b. Layer 4 of LGN
    c. Layer 2/3 of visual cortex
    d. Layer 4 of visual cortex
    e. All layers of visual cortex

Answer 11

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Combining Inputs from Two Eyes
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 12

12. In the upper layers (2 and 3) of primary visual cortex, a lateral sampling of pyramidal
    cell responses would reveal
    a. alternating bands of monocular columns (left eye only/right eye only).
    b. a population of binocular cells that respond equally well to both eyes.
    c. a roughly sinusoidal pattern of ocular dominance moving from left dominance, through
    equal responsiveness, to right dominance, and then back.
    d. only color-sensitive cells.
    e. only orientation-selective cells.

Answer 12

Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Combining Inputs from Two Eyes
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 13

13. Near and far cells are distinct from other pyramidal cells in terms of their sensitivity
    to
    a. motion.
    b. edges.
    c. monocularity.
    d. binocular disparity.
    e. oscillating luminance.

Answer 13

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Combining Inputs from Two Eyes
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

Question 14

14. For which task would near and far cells help the viewer extract relevant information?
    a. Deciphering a random dot stereogram
    b. A color blindness test
    c. Compensating for near-sightedness and far-sightedness
    d. Perceiving color as objects moved closer
    e. Rapidly detecting objects moving in the visual periphery

Answer 14

Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Box 12A: Random Dot Stereograms and Related Amusements
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 15

15. Which statement about the lateral geniculate nuclei is false?
    a. Each lateral geniculate nucleus receives light from both the left and right eyes.
    b. The alternating layers represent alternate color sensitivities (i.e.,
    blue–green–blue–green).
    c. They are organized into six principal layers.
    d. The four parvocellular layers have small cells.
    e. The two magnocellular layers have large cells.

Answer 15

Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Combining Inputs from Two Eyes
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 16

16. In relation to other retinal ganglion cells, a P ganglion cell has
    a. a larger receptive field and sustained responses.
    b. a larger receptive field, a faster-conducting axon, and transient responses.
    c. a faster-conducting axon, finer spatial resolution, and better color sensitivity.
    d. finer spatial resolution and better color sensitivity.
    e. transient responses and better color sensitivity.

Answer 16

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Division of Labor within the Primary Visual Pathway
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 17

17. Visual area _______ is most specialized for processing color information.
    a. V1
    b. V2
    c. V3
    d. V4
    e. V5

Answer 17

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Functional Organization of Extrastriate Visual Areas
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

Question 18

18. In which brain region would you expect to find very large, motion-sensitive cells that
    respond selectively to oriented moving edges, while lacking responsiveness to fine
    structural details?
    a. Parvocellular LGN
    b. Area 17
    c. V4
    d. Peristriate cortex
    e. Middle temporal area (MT)

Answer 18

Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Functional Organization of Extrastriate Visual Areas
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Question 19

19. Which statement about extrastriate areas is false?
    a. One “stream” of information helps the viewer detect fine details of structures and aids
    in object recognition.
    b. One “stream” of information helps the viewer detect and analyze motion.
    c. The dorsal stream is thought to be important for understanding positional relationships
    between objects.
    d. Deficits in the ventral stream often give rise to visual deficits such as an inability to
    perceive the motion of objects.
    e. Information from parvocellular and magnocellular LGN contribute to both the dorsal
    and ventral streams.

Answer 19

Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Functional Organization of Extrastriate Visual Areas
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

Question 20

20. Stanley has a car accident and is discharged from the hospital with orders to notify his
    doctor of any changes in health or unusual behaviors. A few days later he notices that his
    cat was moving in a very strange way, appearing to jump from place to place, as if in an
    old-time cinema reel. Stanley then discovers his brother is moving in the same way. What
    part of Stanley’s brain is dysfunctional?
    a. The primary visual cortex
    b. The dorsal visual pathway to the parietal lobe
    c. The ventral visual pathway to the temporal lobe
    d. The lateral geniculate nucleus
    e. The retina

Answer 20

Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Functional Organization of Extrastriate Visual Areas
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing