CH25 association cortices Flashcards
If thalamic output to the cortex was disrupted, which layer of the neocortex would be affected?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 4
d. Layer 5
e. Layer 6
c. Layer 4
How many cellular layers make up the neocortex?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 6
d. Some regions 5 and some regions 6
e. Some regions 3, some regions 5, and some regions 6
c. 6
Both lesion and functional neuroimaging studies in humans have shown that right parietal regions are involved in
a. directing attention to the right and left hemispace.
b. directing attention to the left hemispace only.
c. directing attention to the right hemispace only.
d. identifying objects.
e. recognizing faces.
a. directing attention to the right and left hemispace.
A husband reports that his wife has begun acting strangely. For example, she refuses to eat the food on the left side of her plate at meals, claiming she has finished all her food. She also has neglected to put her left arm in her shirt the last few days and has begun putting her makeup on only the right side of her face. Hearing these symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in the woman’s nervous system?
a. Right posterior parietal cortex
b. Bilateral fusiform gyrus
c. Left lateral surface of temporal lobe
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Right ventromedial prefrontal cortex
a. Right posterior parietal cortex
Refer to the figure.
A patient is asked to draw a house by copying the model picture shown above. His version is shown on the right. Which of the following disorders would you suspect the patient has?
a. Blindsight
b. Contralateral neglect syndrome
c. Prosopagnosia
d. Visual agnosia
e. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Contralateral neglect syndrome
A monkey is trained to respond to a visual target; it receives a reward when it completes the task correctly. If the monkey’s posterior parietal lobe neurons were recorded during the task, what data would you expect to collect?
a. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the visual object.
b. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the expected reward.
c. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the number of visual objects presented.
d. Neuronal activity would be negatively correlated with the number of visual objects presented.
e. Neuronal activity would be negatively correlated with the size of the visual object.
b. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the expected reward.
Refer to the figure.
Which behavioral task would lead to increased firing rate in the neurons in the location outlined in the figure?
a. Attending a visual target
b. Ignoring a visual target
c. Recognizing a face
d. Playing the Wisconsin card sorting task
e. Participating in a delayed response task
a. Attending a visual target
At dinner one evening, your friend proclaims that the chicken tastes like a beautiful sunset. What condition do you expect your friend has?
a. Contralateral neglect syndrome
b. Visual agnosia
c. Prosopagnosia
d. Amnesia
e. Synesthesia
e. Synesthesia
A major function of the temporal association cortex is
a. directing attention to the body.
b. directing attention to extrapersonal space.
c. recognition and identification of stimuli.
d. planning for the future.
e. impulse control.
c. recognition and identification of stimuli.
Prosopagnosia arises from damage in which location?
a. Left lateral surface of the temporal lobe
b. Right posterior parietal cortex
c. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Right fusiform gyrus
e. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
d. Right fusiform gyrus
Individuals with prosopagnosia
a. cannot discriminate subtle shape differences.
b. cannot recognize the face of a familiar person.
c. cannot recognize the voice of a familiar person.
d. have damage in the prefrontal cortex.
e. have damage in the posterior parietal cortex.
b. cannot recognize the face of a familiar person.
Damage to which region would lead to language-related agnosia?
a. Lateral surface of left temporal lobe
b. Right fusiform gyrus
c. Left fusiform gyrus
d. Right posterior parietal cortex
e. Left posterior parietal cortex
a. Lateral surface of left temporal lobe
Refer to the figure.
The data in the graphs represent the firing of a neuron in a monkey brain recorded while presenting the monkey with the corresponding images. In which region was the neuron being recording located?
a. Posterior parietal cortex
b. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
c. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Inferior temporal cortex
e. Superior occipital cortex
d. Inferior temporal cortex
During an MRI, a subject is shown an image of a face. In which region would you expect to see an increase in neural activity?
a. Cerebellum
b. Striatum
c. Right fusiform gyrus
d. Right posterior parietal
e. Prefrontal cortex
c. Right fusiform gyrus
During behavioral testing, a monkey is unable to complete the delayed response task. Neurological damage to which area would produce this symptom?
a. Right fusiform gyrus
b. Left posterior parietal cortex
c. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Lateral surface of right temporal lobe
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
During behavioral testing, a monkey is unable to complete the Wisconsin card sorting task. Neurological damage to which area would produce this symptom?
a. Fusiform gyrus
b. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
c. Posterior parietal cortex
d. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
e. Lateral surface of the temporal lobe
b. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Which change or deficiency was not reported in early case studies of individuals with frontal lobe damage?
a. Difficulty with planning
b. Difficulty with intellectual functioning
c. Lack of behavioral restraint and self-control
d. Changes in social functioning
e. Personality changes
b. Difficulty with intellectual functioning
Refer to the figure.
While a monkey participates in a delayed response task, data from a cortical neuron is collected. Each bar in the graph represents an action potential in the neuron, and the red box is the time the screen is closed. The cortical neuron being recorded is located in which region?
a. Fusiform gyrus
b. Posterior parietal cortex
c. Lateral surface of the temporal lobe
d. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
e. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Why did the medical community stop performing leukotomies around 1950?
a. The survival rate of the surgery was too low.
b. Deep brain stimulation techniques were invented.
c. The increased risk of stroke and heart attack following surgery decreased patient interest in the technique.
d. Effective psychotropic drugs were developed.
e. It was discovered that transecting the corpus callosum was a more effective treatment.
d. Effective psychotropic drugs were developed.
The part of cerebral cortex that is especially important for selecting and planning appropriate behavioral responses is the _______ lobe.
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. frontal
e. cognitive
d. frontal
Refer to the figure.
The activated region in the fMRI scan above is responsible for which function?
a. Recognizing faces
b. Identifying objects
c. The planning and execution of appropriate behavior
d. Directing attention to the body
e. Directing attention to extrapersonal space
c. The planning and execution of appropriate behavior
Information on the role of the parietal lobe in selective attention was obtained by
a. punishing monkeys for making mistakes.
b. rewarding monkeys for making correct choices.
c. training genetically-modified mice to recognize objects.
d. training monkeys to associate arbitrary symbols with assorted objects.
e. recording from neurons in unconscious monkeys.
b. rewarding monkeys for making correct choices.
Contralateral neglect syndrome arises from damage in which location?
a. Left posterior parietal cortex
b. Right fusiform gyrus
c. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
d. Right posterior parietal cortex
e. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Right posterior parietal cortex
Which symptom would you expect an individual with a right parietal lobe lesion to exhibit?
a. Deficit in attention to the right side of the body or space
b. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
c. Deficit in recognizing faces
d. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space
e. Diminished success during Wisconsin card sorting task
d. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space
Which symptoms would you expect a patient with a right temporal lobe lesion to exhibit?
a. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space
b. Deficit in recognizing faces
c. Deficit in attention to the right side of the body or space
d. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
e. Diminished or abolished success during the delayed response task
b. Deficit in recognizing faces
A teacher at a local school feels frustrated whenever the seasons change because her students begin wearing different shoes to school. This troubles her because she usually identifies her students by their footwear, and without that clue, she must wait for each student to talk before she knows who they are. Considering her symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in her nervous system?
a. Right lateral surface of the temporal lobe
b. Right posterior parietal cortex
c. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Right fusiform gyrus
e. Right fusiform gyrus
The _______ association cortex is involved in recognizing objects, while the _______ association cortex is involved in deciding what to do with the object.
a. temporal; frontal
b. frontal; parietal
c. parietal; temporal
d. temporal; parietal
e. frontal; temporal
a. temporal; frontal
The delayed response task has been used to examine
a. neuronal activity near the central sulcus during a response delay period.
b. long-term memory ability.
c. performance impairments in monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions.
d. impulse control in humans.
e. reward preference in monkeys.
c. performance impairments in monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions.
What symptom would you expect bilateral lesions to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to produce in a monkey?
a. Delayed or abolished success during the delayed response task
b. Inability to recognize faces
c. Deficit in attention to the body
d. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
e. Deficit in attention paid to extrapersonal space
a. Delayed or abolished success during the delayed response task
The leukotomy was used in the 1930s and 1940s predominantly as a(n)
a. alternative treatment to the psychotropic medications available at the time.
b. experimental technique for studying brain function in rats.
c. treatment for schizophrenia and other mental illnesses.
d. procedure for enhancing the intelligence of developmentally handicapped individuals.
e. treatment for severe epilepsy.
c. treatment for schizophrenia and other mental illnesses.
