CH25 association cortices

Question 1

If thalamic output to the cortex was disrupted, which layer of the neocortex would be affected?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 4
d. Layer 5
e. Layer 6

Answer 1

c. Layer 4

Question 2

How many cellular layers make up the neocortex?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 6
d. Some regions 5 and some regions 6
e. Some regions 3, some regions 5, and some regions 6

Answer 2

c. 6

Question 3

Both lesion and functional neuroimaging studies in humans have shown that right parietal regions are involved in
a. directing attention to the right and left hemispace.
b. directing attention to the left hemispace only.
c. directing attention to the right hemispace only.
d. identifying objects.
e. recognizing faces.

Answer 3

a. directing attention to the right and left hemispace.

Question 4

A husband reports that his wife has begun acting strangely. For example, she refuses to eat the food on the left side of her plate at meals, claiming she has finished all her food. She also has neglected to put her left arm in her shirt the last few days and has begun putting her makeup on only the right side of her face. Hearing these symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in the woman’s nervous system?
a. Right posterior parietal cortex
b. Bilateral fusiform gyrus
c. Left lateral surface of temporal lobe
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Right ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 4

a. Right posterior parietal cortex

Question 5

Refer to the figure.
A patient is asked to draw a house by copying the model picture shown above. His version is shown on the right. Which of the following disorders would you suspect the patient has?
a. Blindsight
b. Contralateral neglect syndrome
c. Prosopagnosia
d. Visual agnosia
e. Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 5

b. Contralateral neglect syndrome

Question 6

A monkey is trained to respond to a visual target; it receives a reward when it completes the task correctly. If the monkey’s posterior parietal lobe neurons were recorded during the task, what data would you expect to collect?
a. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the visual object.
b. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the expected reward.
c. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the number of visual objects presented.
d. Neuronal activity would be negatively correlated with the number of visual objects presented.
e. Neuronal activity would be negatively correlated with the size of the visual object.

Answer 6

b. Neuronal activity would be positively correlated with the size of the expected reward.

Question 7

Refer to the figure.
Which behavioral task would lead to increased firing rate in the neurons in the location outlined in the figure?
a. Attending a visual target
b. Ignoring a visual target
c. Recognizing a face
d. Playing the Wisconsin card sorting task
e. Participating in a delayed response task

Answer 7

a. Attending a visual target

Question 8

At dinner one evening, your friend proclaims that the chicken tastes like a beautiful sunset. What condition do you expect your friend has?
a. Contralateral neglect syndrome
b. Visual agnosia
c. Prosopagnosia
d. Amnesia
e. Synesthesia

Answer 8

e. Synesthesia

Question 9

A major function of the temporal association cortex is
a. directing attention to the body.
b. directing attention to extrapersonal space.
c. recognition and identification of stimuli.
d. planning for the future.
e. impulse control.

Answer 9

c. recognition and identification of stimuli.

Question 10

Prosopagnosia arises from damage in which location?
a. Left lateral surface of the temporal lobe
b. Right posterior parietal cortex
c. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Right fusiform gyrus
e. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 10

d. Right fusiform gyrus

Question 11

Individuals with prosopagnosia
a. cannot discriminate subtle shape differences.
b. cannot recognize the face of a familiar person.
c. cannot recognize the voice of a familiar person.
d. have damage in the prefrontal cortex.
e. have damage in the posterior parietal cortex.

Answer 11

b. cannot recognize the face of a familiar person.

Question 12

Damage to which region would lead to language-related agnosia?
a. Lateral surface of left temporal lobe
b. Right fusiform gyrus
c. Left fusiform gyrus
d. Right posterior parietal cortex
e. Left posterior parietal cortex

Answer 12

a. Lateral surface of left temporal lobe

Question 13

Refer to the figure.
The data in the graphs represent the firing of a neuron in a monkey brain recorded while presenting the monkey with the corresponding images. In which region was the neuron being recording located?
a. Posterior parietal cortex
b. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
c. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Inferior temporal cortex
e. Superior occipital cortex

Answer 13

d. Inferior temporal cortex

Question 14

During an MRI, a subject is shown an image of a face. In which region would you expect to see an increase in neural activity?
a. Cerebellum
b. Striatum
c. Right fusiform gyrus
d. Right posterior parietal
e. Prefrontal cortex

Answer 14

c. Right fusiform gyrus

Question 15

During behavioral testing, a monkey is unable to complete the delayed response task. Neurological damage to which area would produce this symptom?
a. Right fusiform gyrus
b. Left posterior parietal cortex
c. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Lateral surface of right temporal lobe

Answer 15

d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 16

During behavioral testing, a monkey is unable to complete the Wisconsin card sorting task. Neurological damage to which area would produce this symptom?
a. Fusiform gyrus
b. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
c. Posterior parietal cortex
d. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
e. Lateral surface of the temporal lobe

Answer 16

b. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 17

Which change or deficiency was not reported in early case studies of individuals with frontal lobe damage?
a. Difficulty with planning
b. Difficulty with intellectual functioning
c. Lack of behavioral restraint and self-control
d. Changes in social functioning
e. Personality changes

Answer 17

b. Difficulty with intellectual functioning

Question 18

Refer to the figure.
While a monkey participates in a delayed response task, data from a cortical neuron is collected. Each bar in the graph represents an action potential in the neuron, and the red box is the time the screen is closed. The cortical neuron being recorded is located in which region?
a. Fusiform gyrus
b. Posterior parietal cortex
c. Lateral surface of the temporal lobe
d. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
e. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

e. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 19

Why did the medical community stop performing leukotomies around 1950?
a. The survival rate of the surgery was too low.
b. Deep brain stimulation techniques were invented.
c. The increased risk of stroke and heart attack following surgery decreased patient interest in the technique.
d. Effective psychotropic drugs were developed.
e. It was discovered that transecting the corpus callosum was a more effective treatment.

Answer 19

d. Effective psychotropic drugs were developed.

Question 20

The part of cerebral cortex that is especially important for selecting and planning appropriate behavioral responses is the _______ lobe.
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. frontal
e. cognitive

Answer 20

d. frontal

Question 21

Refer to the figure.
The activated region in the fMRI scan above is responsible for which function?
a. Recognizing faces
b. Identifying objects
c. The planning and execution of appropriate behavior
d. Directing attention to the body
e. Directing attention to extrapersonal space

Answer 21

c. The planning and execution of appropriate behavior

Question 22

Information on the role of the parietal lobe in selective attention was obtained by
a. punishing monkeys for making mistakes.
b. rewarding monkeys for making correct choices.
c. training genetically-modified mice to recognize objects.
d. training monkeys to associate arbitrary symbols with assorted objects.
e. recording from neurons in unconscious monkeys.

Answer 22

b. rewarding monkeys for making correct choices.

Question 23

Contralateral neglect syndrome arises from damage in which location?
a. Left posterior parietal cortex
b. Right fusiform gyrus
c. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
d. Right posterior parietal cortex
e. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 23

d. Right posterior parietal cortex

Question 24

Which symptom would you expect an individual with a right parietal lobe lesion to exhibit?
a. Deficit in attention to the right side of the body or space
b. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
c. Deficit in recognizing faces
d. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space
e. Diminished success during Wisconsin card sorting task

Answer 24

d. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space

Question 25

Which symptoms would you expect a patient with a right temporal lobe lesion to exhibit?
a. Deficit in attention to the left side of the body or space
b. Deficit in recognizing faces
c. Deficit in attention to the right side of the body or space
d. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
e. Diminished or abolished success during the delayed response task

Answer 25

b. Deficit in recognizing faces

Question 26

A teacher at a local school feels frustrated whenever the seasons change because her students begin wearing different shoes to school. This troubles her because she usually identifies her students by their footwear, and without that clue, she must wait for each student to talk before she knows who they are. Considering her symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in her nervous system?
a. Right lateral surface of the temporal lobe
b. Right posterior parietal cortex
c. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex
d. Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
e. Right fusiform gyrus

Answer 26

e. Right fusiform gyrus

Question 27

The _______ association cortex is involved in recognizing objects, while the _______ association cortex is involved in deciding what to do with the object.
a. temporal; frontal
b. frontal; parietal
c. parietal; temporal
d. temporal; parietal
e. frontal; temporal

Answer 27

a. temporal; frontal

Question 28

The delayed response task has been used to examine
a. neuronal activity near the central sulcus during a response delay period.
b. long-term memory ability.
c. performance impairments in monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions.
d. impulse control in humans.
e. reward preference in monkeys.

Answer 28

c. performance impairments in monkeys with bilateral prefrontal lesions.

Question 29

What symptom would you expect bilateral lesions to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to produce in a monkey?
a. Delayed or abolished success during the delayed response task
b. Inability to recognize faces
c. Deficit in attention to the body
d. The perception of two sensory systems together (e.g., seeing colors when hearing music)
e. Deficit in attention paid to extrapersonal space

Answer 29

a. Delayed or abolished success during the delayed response task

Question 30

The leukotomy was used in the 1930s and 1940s predominantly as a(n)
a. alternative treatment to the psychotropic medications available at the time.
b. experimental technique for studying brain function in rats.
c. treatment for schizophrenia and other mental illnesses.
d. procedure for enhancing the intelligence of developmentally handicapped individuals.
e. treatment for severe epilepsy.

Answer 30

c. treatment for schizophrenia and other mental illnesses.