May 5, 2016 - SG13 - Acute Renal Failure

Question 1

FENa Calculation

Answer 1

FENa = (Urine sodium / Serum sodium) / (Urine creatinine / Serum creatinine) x 100

Note: urine creatinine is measured in mmol and you need to mulitply by 1000 to get to umol.

Question 2

Aminoglycosides and AKI

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides such as gentamycin can cause acute kidney injury, in particular by causing acute tubular necrosis (ATN).

Question 3

Beta Lactams and AKI

Answer 3

Beta lactam antibiotics can cause AKI, in particular acute interstitial necrosis (AIN).

Question 4

Treatment of AKI

Answer 4

Supportive care

Stop offending agents

Do not initiate offending agents

Question 5

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 5

The breakdown of muscle cells which lyse and the components such as myoglobin gets filtered by the kidney and can plug up the kidney.

Hallmark features are granular pigmented casts.

Question 6

Anuric

Answer 6

Less than 100mL of urine per day.

Question 7

Oligouric

Answer 7

Between 100-400mL of urine per day.

Question 8

Treatment of Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 8

FLUIDS

Question 9

Nephrostomy

Answer 9

Bypassing the bladder. Urine will drain straight from the kidneys.

Done by interventional radiology.