MAY 2017

Question 1

What are some Important Contributions to Bio medicine of the following scientists ?

Answer 1

Alexander Fleming :

• Discovery of Penicillin
• Life saver of WW2
• Potri Dish with an active bacteria , killing known as penicillin

Ronald Ross

• Discovered Protoxoan malarial parasite in human blood /proved a link between malaria and mosquito

Joseph Lister

• Carbolic acid known as phenol to sterilise surgical instruments /clean wounds
• Helped eliminate infections /Clean surgical wounds

Louis Pasteur

• Developed Pasteurization /Vaccines against rabies /anthrax
• Microrganims could be pathogenic to humans

Question 2

Give an example of one viral /one bacterial and one protozoan pathogen /Explain briefly their pathogen ?

Answer 2

Rhino Virus - Upper and Lower respiratory tract disease pathogenesis of cough may invlve irriatnts /Cold sysmtoms

Urinary Tract Infections

• Pathogenis - Escherichia Coli
• Systemic infections can result from UTI is particulary in elderly
• Remainder of UTI, hematogenus

Question 3

Summarise your understanding on the Following ?

Answer 3

Herd immunity : Resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficity high proportion of individuals /Immune to the sisdasve through vaccination

Epidemiological - Model created by scientists have developed for studying health problems

Agent: Cause of the disease
Host: Organism harbouring the disease
Environment : External factors cause /allow disease transmission

Question 4

How do Cancer Cells Evade cell death ?

Answer 4

If a cell detects that it has a damaged DNA , it can activate Apoptosis to remove it .

Cancer Cells evade and grow uncontrollably , process either hyperplasia and dysplasia .

Question 5

Development of Arthelosis ?

Answer 5

• Its begins with many cholesterol molecules in the blood
• Cholesterols may then accumulate on your artery walls
• Deposits form plaques on walls of arteries
• Causing them to narrow/block
• Plaques reduce the blood flow of plaques bursts
• Causing a blood clot

Question 6

Explain how Alzheimer’s disease affect the brain ? Describe the cause, symptoms and mechanism responsible for the disease ?

Answer 6

• A type degenerative brain disorder
• Neurons stop functioning , loose connections with other neurons
• Memory Loss : Due to the degeneration of acetylcholine containing neuron in both sub cortical and cortical .