Marxism and youth culture Flashcards
What are the 2 types of class?
Ruling class Working class
Who are the bourgeoisie?
The ruling class
Who are the Proletariat?
Working class
What are the aims of the bourgeoisie according to Marxist?
To extract the maximum labor from workers at the lowest possible costs
What do Marxist see youth subcultures as?
Form of resistance against the class system.
What is Hegemony?
idea, that in capitalist society ruling class control working class because they brain wash us.
Who did Phil Cohen look into?
The skinheads
How were the skinheads resisting capitalism?
By wearing clothes that made them look working class, such as doc martians, bomber jackets and baggy jeans.
Why were the skinheads resisting capitalism?
Loss of jobs and immigration, white people saw the as stealing jobs. The second wave of skinheads have become increasingly racist.
what ideas support Cohen?
Still relevant today as you still get resistance caused by immigration.
What are critiques of Cohen?
Based on working class ignores middle class youth culture, suggesting they aren’t all victims of capitalism, such as hippies.
Who did Hall and Jefferson look in to?
the teddy boys
How were the teddy boys resisting capitalism?
Wearing similar clothes to social superiors to show contempt for the class system.
Why did the teddy boys dress this way?
To be different to parents,
Stared after the war
Influenced from America
Smart dress and Edwardian style
Why were they resisting capitalism?
Missed out on economic prosperity (money) and underachieved at school
What clothes did the teddy boys wear?
Edwardian style, smart, suede shoes , bootlace ties , worn by characters in western films, who lived off their wits (teddy boys looked up to them)
What is a point which supports hall and Jefferson?
Took the behavior of working class into account explain why deviance is more common in this social class (more specific to subcultures)
What is a critique of hall and Jefferson?
Writers wanted to find Resistance in working class subcultures and might have been bias in their analysis.
Who did hebdrige look into?
The punks
Why were the punks resisting capitalism?
As they were angry and poor, there was a current rescission and unemployment was high, also they challenged existing styles, as they saw them as different. Britain was broken.
How did the punks resist?
With music such as the sex pistols, expressed such hostility towards mainstream, a response to the media .
What clothes did the punks wear?
DIY - use of bin liners, safety pin earings, seen as a rejection to the commercial fashion.
How is the punk culture spectacular?
As it shocked, was created to break norms and values and had a political purpose.
What ideas support hebdige ?
Music supports political resistance e.g. the clash sing about life on the estate
What is a critique of hebdige?
Often capitalism will market these styles - showing how subcultures actually support capitalism in a search for ones own identity.
How and why were the skateboarders resisting capitalism?
Rejected the control of making profit off leisure industries and control of urban streets
Who researched the skateboarders?
Borden
What supports Borden?
Skateboarding is inexpensive and provides entertainment for those who do not wish to pay for leisure activities.
What is a critique of Borden?
Maybe not all skateboarders are resisting capitalism, they just want to have fun.
How do youth subcultures provide a magical solution for the plight of the working class ?
Form of resistance to capitalism, but do nothing to alter the power and economic difference in society. Provides an illusion for the working class e.g each generation uses subcultures to convince themselves they are different.
How is reality different?
Majority of people just turn out like their parents
