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AS Sociology > Core concepts > Flashcards

Core concepts Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is definition of a norm?

A

Behaviour which is deemed acceptable within our society

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2
Q

What are some examples of norms in the British culture?

A

Roast dinners
saying please and thank you
Queuing
Cups of tea

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3
Q

What is the definition of a value?

A

The reason behind peoples behaviors within society.

An agreement among a majority of members that something is good and worthwhile.

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4
Q

What are some examples of values in British society?

A

Roast dinner- important to spend time with family, its a tradition we like to withhold
Education- Good to be successful, puts you at higher status
Safety- Why we wear seat belts

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5
Q

What is the definition of a subculture?

A

Certain meanings, values and norms which are distinctive to a particular group within society.

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6
Q

What is the definition of high culture?

A

Society in the highest quality, enjoy work of high intellect and sophisticated

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7
Q

What is low culture?

A

Enjoyed by the unsophisticated party

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8
Q

What is the definition of popular culture?

A

Shared by a large numbers of the population (assessable to high numbers)

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9
Q

What is global culture?

A

A worldwide culture, something spread all around the world

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10
Q

What is consumer culture?

A

Western society, when we buy goods from cultural industries (buying stuff you don’t need)

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11
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

Cultural identity’s within communities, sharing culture.

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12
Q

What is cultural diversity?

A

The differences between the norms, values and rituals in different countries

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13
Q

What is the definition of culture?

A

Is the norms, values, beliefs, rituals , customs and rules associated with a particular society or social group

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14
Q

What is nature?

A

Its a biological upbringing, that human behavior is based on genetics, dna and instincts

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15
Q

What is nurture?

A

Is a social upbringing, which determines that human behavior is based on the environment around you

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16
Q

What is a social role?

A

Its the parts you play in daily life to fit an expectation

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17
Q

What determines your status?

A

Class
level
where you stand in the scheme of things
money, power

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18
Q

What is the definition of status?

A

Status is the position which individuals are placed within a cultures social hierarchy

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19
Q

What does achieved status mean?

A

Earned, for example a doctor earns there status through education

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20
Q

What is ascribed status?

A

Born into status e.g. royalty

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21
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or things, e.g. nerds

22
Q

What are the primary agents of socialization?

A

Family

23
Q

What are the secondary agents of socialization?

A 
Media 
Religion 
Peers 
Education
Workplace
24
Q

What are the processes of learning?

A

Sanctions
Imitation
Role models
Canalization

25
Q

What is the definition of a sanction?

A

Rewards and punishments for desired behavior

26
Q

What is the definition of imitation?

A

When you copy the behaviors of others

27
Q

What is the definition of canalization?

A

When you learn gender roles through toys

28
Q

What is the definition of identity?

A

A particular feature that defines you.The characteristics determining who a person is and who they see themselves as.

29
Q

What is the definition of identity?

A

A particular feature that defines you.

30
Q

What is the definition of roles?

A

The different parts you play within society

31
Q

What is primary socialization?

A

The first place you learn your norms and values (socialization which takes place within the family)

32
Q

What is secondary socialization ?

A

The socialization that comes after primary and builds on what has been learnt from them through other agents but the family

33
Q

What is social control?

A

How society conforms us to acceptable bahviour through informal (unwritten) and formal sanctions (written)

34
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

a certain image in your head that you hold of a certain group usually an inaccurate oversimplified generalization.

35
Q

What are gender roles?

A

The social expectations for your sex

36
Q

What are the agents of socialization?

A

the group that teach us the norms and values of a particular culture.

37
Q

What is formal social control?

A

When your formally told what to do and not do.

38
Q

What are examples of formal social control?

A

law- police

teachers- education

39
Q

What is informal social control?

A

Rewards and punishes people for acceptable/ non-acceptable behavior.

40
Q

What is informal control always done through?

A

Sanctions

41
Q

What are examples of informal control if non- acceptable behavior is shown?

A

Disapproving looks
frowns
sarcasm

42
Q

What is the nature vs nurture debate ?

A

The debate centers on the relative importance of genetic inheritance and environmental factors on human development

43
Q

What is social structures ?

A

The organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together make up society e.g. social class

44
Q

What is social change?

A

Any significant alterations over time in behavior patterns and cultural values and norms e.g. industrial revolution

45
Q

What is the conflict theory?

A

Disagreement and inequalities between different groups due to differing interests and values between groups

46
Q

What is social construction?

A

Something created by society, youth cultures said to be socially constructed due to it varying from time to time.

47
Q

What is social inequalities ?

A

An unfair situation, in which some groups in society have more money, opportunities, power than others

48
Q

What is an example of social inequalities?

A

Gender inequalities in the workplace, as men still get paid more than women.

49
Q

What is the consensus theory ?

A

Agreement between groups in society

50
Q

What is an example of consensus theory?

A

functionalism, believing society is based on shared values.

51
Q

What is role models ?

A

An ideal person, who you look up to and aspire to be like

52
Q

What is cultural transmission?

A

The way people come to learn the values beliefs and social norms of their culture

AS Sociology (14 decks)

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