Ethnicity and Educational Achievement

Question 1

what studies could you use for material factors?

Answer 1

strand

driver and ballard

Question 2

what studies could you use for cultural factors ?

Answer 2

bourdieu 
bernstien 
gerwitz 
ball 
strand

Question 3

what studies could you use for labelling ?

Answer 3

gillborn 
gillborn and youdell
sewell 
o'donnell and sharpe 
fuller 
mirza

Question 4

what studies could you use for institutional racism?

Answer 4

gillborn

wright

Question 5

what studies could you use for curriculum exclusion?

Answer 5

coard

tickly

Question 6

what is strands view?

Answer 6

claims that indian students do partly better because of cultural factors e,g, high aspirations, close monitoring of students and high amounts of homework, but also having money to comfortably support children

Question 7

what is an evaluation of strand?

Answer 7

smith and noble, reay and howard support this

Question 8

what did drive and ballard say?

Answer 8

high levels of divorce and single parenthood in african carribbean familes = material deprivation

Question 9

what is a critique of strand?

Answer 9

social policy such as pupil premium & EMA are around for those with low income

Question 10

what does bourdieu say about differences in achievement?

Answer 10

claims that some children have parents with cultural capital e.g know how to manipulate the system to get the most out of this, know how to develop children, know what schools are better and how to get in and language to use to express themselves.

Question 11

what is an good evaluation of bourdieu?

Answer 11

ball agrees that it is about knowledge of right schools and confidence with language that makes a difference

Question 12

what is an bad evaluation of bourdieu?

Answer 12

fails to explain why some ethnic groups have cultural capital and others dont e.g. how is it that indian groups have overcome barriers and others havent

Question 13

what does bernstein say?

Answer 13

some groups will have a more elaborate language codes than others, bernstien might argue that some ethnic groups have a restricted language codes due to english being their second language or because of cultures factors, this would exclude them from an education system in which an elaborate language code is the norm, for exams to write essays

Question 14

what is a good evaluation point of bernstien?

Answer 14

ball- confidence with english language

Question 15

what is a bad evaluation point of bernstien?

Answer 15

can we generalize about language use i such a clear way , isnt it the case that different groups can access different codes

Question 16

what does ball find?

Answer 16

ethnic minority parent are at an disadvantage of getting children into better schools due to lack of language e.g. cannot read league tables and unable to read applications

Question 17

what is an good evaluation of ball?

Answer 17

Gerwitz application froms can be often too complexed for ethnic groups

Question 18

what is a bad evaluation point of ball?

Answer 18

efforts have been made to include ethnic minorities by providing things in different languages

Question 19

how does strand explain high indian achievement in school?

Answer 19

high parental and pupil aspirations 
high levels of homework 
low levels of exclusion 
high resources 
high parental monitoring

Question 20

evaluation of strand?

Answer 20

support of ball
problems with strand is that he is unclear about why other ethnic groups do less well, makes us question his credibility as a sociologist

Question 21

what does gillborn suggest?

Answer 21

the reason black students dont achieve is that teachers negatively label black students and suggests the myth of the black challenge, he noticed that teachers perceive black students as presenting problems.
Indian students are labelled as good, this is when self-fulfilling prophecy occurs and pupils take on their roles

Question 22

how does gillborn and youdell support this idea?

Answer 22

black working class more likely to be in foundation, even when achieving the same academically

Question 23

what does sewell, donald and sharpe suggest?

Answer 23

black males negative labelling by teachers , the result was to show off to gain respect from others e.g. peers and girls, being successful as a black male is seen as feminine and failing was seen as a badge of honor, as a result of labeling black boys value educational failure and admiration of peers = anti- school subcultures

Question 24

what is an evaluation point?

Answer 24

sample was small (1 school) cannot be generalized to other schools as not representative)

Question 25

how do black girls respond to labeling according to fuller ?

Answer 25

they resisted labels and were successful , they were anti-school but pro-education, they helped each other do well

Question 26

how does mitza support this?

Answer 26

found that black females reject labels, but didnt do as well as they rejected teachers efforts to help

Question 27

what is a critique of fuller?

Answer 27

we cannot put people into categories of black/ white asian etc as society has become more diverse and complex

Question 28

what does gilborn do?

Answer 28

gilborn looks into institutional racism, policies and attitudes unintentionally discriminate ethnic minorities

Question 29

how does wright support this?

Answer 29

teachers say they follow equal right laws, biut in reality for example black Caribbean boys are more likely to be sent and and punished after their behavior is misinterpreted

Question 30

what is a criticism of gilborn?

Answer 30

policies such as every child matters , equality has become more important in schools than ever before

Question 31

what does coard say?

Answer 31

there is little or no positive recognition of their culture
no coverage of minority culture in British curriculum
they may feel excluded because they dont get to learn about own culture, may feel excluded , not interested and do badly

Question 32

who supports this?

Answer 32

tickley

Question 33

what goes tickley suggest?

Answer 33

that African- Caribbeans are invisible or only focus on slavery. which is negative history ad upsetting

Question 34

what are negative evaluations of coard?

Answer 34

the curriculum has changed and features more cultures in rs, english and history e.g the poetry of benjamin zephaniah for gsce lit
also today in schools children learn about oppression / racism in order to educate people and bring about positive change e.g. positive figures martin luther king