Marx Question Quiz Flashcards
Explain how surplus value is produce
Explain why in exchange society u cant make surplus value?
Explain how ricardo and smith explain the surplus value?
What is the solution of Marx to the explanation of ricardo and Smith
In exchange society you cant have make surplus value because the value of time is the same for all ( one week you produce 10 coats , other produce 5 chairs ) value is 2 to 1. Why because you own what you produce that is why u all get weajthier . To explain that , ricardo and smith said that in industrial society we dont pay the workers the value of the product ( the salary doesnt reflect the value of what you produce) If workers produce 100 cars they are paid much less. The value of labor then is equal to the value of subsistence(minimal resource to survive - if the capitalist paid less, the worker wont survive , if he paid more he will leave) you should keep him on the edge. Therefore the profit will be value of production minus value of subsistence.
Marx says that this formula is wrong because thhe value of production is the value of labor (what he produce). Therefore the value will be zero according to Ricardo and smith( Impossible to say Vproduct=Vlabor=Vsubsistence)
In Marx you are paying workers not for their labor but for their labor power.
Profit is then made by explotating people by selling their activity ( labor product )for a salary by a contract , I will pay you as a raw product not in terms of your production, Profit is then made by difference between labor product and labor power
Question 2 Explain what is Dailactical materialism and why dailactical materialism leads to theoratical activism with example
Dailactical materialism is the statement on what reality is. It states that knowledge is grounded on the reality ( what we know) and that actually u could have many systems of knowledge . Thus you can have many realities for the same material. For example burning peice of wood is not reality yet. The way we understand its burning is the reality for the burning piece of wood. For example we can have flugestine reality vs Oxygen reality.
Since we havemany realities , this will lead to theoratical activism , which means action begins in theory. You cant only be just a doctor,engineer , you need to be active like the case of hasan Fathi…
Question 3
Explain the different approaches to history with examples (Class struggle, National spirit and Factual)
The different approaches for the explanation of History are:
1- Historical Materialism-Class struggle
Meaning economy explain history and history explains economy. For example in the second world war, Germany was not allowed to have colonies , annd it needed raw materials and place to export it is produce. Britain and France didnt allow i to have colonie. So hitler started a war and conquered most of europe for colonies. Another exsmple is the war between slave and nobelties in the roman empire where salve do all the work and get nothing and the royalties do nothing and get everything, this led to a war.
2- National Spirit Explanation
It says that you have cultures against each other ( Islamic culture versus christian liberal culture). For example, USA entered Lebanon in Civil War to protect the christians here ( because they considered the christians part of them ) and it was used as a cause for that.
3- Factual Imperial explanation
It present things as face value facts . For example the CNN will show the war in syria as ISIS (sunnis) vs the Shiaa; they wont for example show the oil struggle included.
Question 4
Explain what is the mode of production (The idea of history-elements and relations) and how mode of production allow us to compare social formations like comparing medieval times to capitalism
Mode of production is the Idea of history ( formula of history) which means that based on this formula you can explain any 2 historical formations.
The elements of mode of productions are :
Laborer and not laborer
propriety (to own) and appropriation (someone else owns what you produce)
For example if you wanna compare the medieval era and the capitalist era.
//In the medieval era//
Laborer (peasant)
not laborer (nobelty)
appropraition:
own of tools(peasant)
own of knowledge (peasant)
own of house (peasant)
own of food (peasant)
Except for land which was leased by the king.
// Capitalism era//
Laborer (working class)
not laborer (capitalist)
u dont own ur knowledge (universities….loans for life)
u dont own ur tools (companies own them)
u dont own ur house ( u need to pay loans for life)
u dont own ur food even ( u buy it from shops)
u dont own land ( also u need loan for ur whole life)
///
In the medieval era the relation between the nobelty and the peasant was that the nobelty was in need for the peasant , the peasant was in strong positions and that is why values like loyalty were talked about a lot
and that is why kings wear clothes like clowns and speak like idiots as if they are from other world
In the Capitalisim time
worker in need and always struggling for life, capitalist wear like people to make them believe that they can be like them