Lecture 2 Flashcards
Practical philosophy
Philosophy of practice (why we do behave in this or that way)
Practical philosophy questions why not how
true
Modernism -The enlightenment (reason and rational can lead the way)
We are dealing with the modernity of practical philosophy in the modernity period. In that period modernism aims at justifying “ rationally not using religion “ the good from the bad.
David hume -Utilitarianism main rule
Real is what do you sense
Definition of impression
What do you sense is an impression
Definition of sensation
What do you sense is sensation
Impression and sensations are the same
True
Definition of ideas
Ideas are traces of impression, they come from impressions
You cant have ideas without impressions
True
What is pleasure
Pleasure is a sensation or impression in harmony with the body
What is pain
Pain is a sensation or impression that is not in harmony with the body
Memories are types of ideas
For example you have trace of pleasure when you remember your beloved
Example
Yesterday you ate cheesecake (Sensation/Impression)
You are now home; you remembered the cheesecake (idea trace of the impression/sensation) and you got hungry (Impression/sensation) This impression or sensation that is caused from an idea is called impression/sensation of reflection and it is the same as need/passion
Passion / need
It is an impression/sensation that is caused from an idea (Impression of reflection)
Why do we act
Action is due an idea that will cause gain of pleasureor reduction of pain
For example I am feeling pain because of the AC(sensation/ impression) , what I wanna do is an action why to reduce pain (motivation)
Definition of motivation
sensitive determination of the faculty of desire
example, i am hungry, i wann eat to avoid pain of hunger (why do iwanna eat is motivation)
My goal/objective is pleasure
True
Definition of intention
intellectual determination of the will
Example of intention
For example you are hungry (sensation/impression)
What do you want to eat (cheesecake) cheesecake is called intention
why do i want to eat is motivation
Intention must be specific
Intentions and motivations are not the same
I am hungry and i wanna eat
How many different ways I can satisfy my passion for food hunger (intentions)
Why : because i am seeking pleasure (motivation)
There are no passions/desires without pleasures
True
Pleasures results in desires/passions
True
What do we desire/passion is pleasure
True
When object of pleasure variates, type of desire will variate
True
Types of desires/interests/motivations (objects that can bring you pleasure)
Physical sympatatic moral political religous
In Physical motives you have
These are motivations
Interest of the palate(what you eat)
Interest of Sexual pleasure
Interest of Sensual pleasure (massage)
Interest of Existence (stay alive)
In Sympatatic motives you have
these are motivations
Interest of the heart
Interest of the closet
Interest of the Gall Bladder (Antipathy)
Interest of self (Self interest)
In moral and popular motives you have
these are motivations
Interest of intellect (pleasure to learn)
Interest of success (pleasure to have success)
In political and legal motives you have
these are motivations
Interest of scepter (Ambition)
Interest of purse (pleasure to make money)
Interest of pilllow (avoid to work and get money)
In religious motives you have
Interest of the altar (religious duty)
motivation is different from intention which is different action which is different from consequence of the action
They are all different
See your neighbor stealing, you go to police to report him
Intention of the action :report your neighbor thieve (What u want to do) good
Why : because you hate him (motivation) (bad motivation)
Consequence : he went to jail (Good)
You can have good motivation with bad intention and vice versa
True
Hate in itself is neither good nor bad
True
All the motivations are neutral (neither good nor bad)
Depending on the consequence you will have good or bad
In the example of stealing (if you report out of love of justice, it will be better because you will be more probable to report more and more) (Higher tendency to report)
True
Not because of love is better than hate
There are somethings called values
Respect your parents
Be friendly
Dont harm
be generuous
values
Motives that essentially prevent bad actions
u report a steal criminal because u love justice (value)
Values are attributed by the society not by individuals
True
How can u know if pleasure or motives is negatively or positively appreciated by the society
You look at the language connotations For food ( neutral need for food positively good living negatively gluttony) for sex you dont have positive , you have negative (lust) for sensual (luxury)
Why sex is not appreciated by society
Because it only benefit the close ones (no collective benefit)
but if you have a dinner with people ( collective benefit)
However sex in itself is neither bad or good
Social values
Motives that essentially prevent bad action and is appreciated by the society
Temptation ( struggle between two pleasures)
dEf :inclination to harm
when u have a seducing motive (having sex with girfriend of a friend) divided by occassional motives (friend is traveling friend and she is in agreement no risks) versus confronting motives ( values love of justice, love of justice )
overall project
secularizaion of morality
