Lecture 3

Question 1

Question 1: Explain the moral law given one example , you do it by imagination and by concept and u show me why only the conceptual way is good

Answer 1

the moral law states that Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the
same time will that it become a universal law. For example if we take steal, if we consider that every one will steal implies there will remain no property to own which is flase, on the other hand if we consider stealing is allowed, if a person steal, it is not stealing it is taking, which contradicts stealing, thus it cant be moral because it leads to conceptual incoherence thus it is immoral.

Question 2

Question number 2: explain coherence of the concept of duty

Answer 2

Answer: for coherence of concept of duty u need to have pure practical reason (deduce an action from coherence of the concept ) on the ground of the moral law (meaning whatever ur maxim is , if it can become universal it becomes a moral action), with the existence of persons (In order to perform the action , u need someone to represent the person which is the conceptual persona which is another reasonable persona, that is why we can apply it to animals because they are not person they dont have practical reasoning) motivated by paradise (unearthly pleasure else u will have conceptual miscoherence

Question 3

Question 3

Explain how kant was able to deduce the moral law and what are the implications of such deduction

Answer 3

Because of practical reasons there must be a law that explain all the should and shouldnots.The law must abstract what is common about all particulars (Should and should not), the form of the law must be in categorical imperatives
2-fuction of the law, (the law conform to the the categorical imperatives)
3- The law then , all the particular have to conform to the universal
It has an empty form. Thus the moral law is eternal The moral law imposes in the particulars to be universal, this is why morality is eternal.Morality must hold all the time,forever and for everyone. No evolution in morality unlike scientific laws

Question 4

Question 4 , u must explain the antonomy of reason ( reason tell u have to act morallly and at the same time u dont have a motivation to act morally ) and how this postulation will lead to the postulation of paradise and immortality of the soul

Answer 4

U have to act morally but there is no motivation to act morally (it is just conceptual coherence). Reason at the same time tells u action requires motivation. if this motivation was earthly ,no action will be moral. There must be unearthly pleasure else it will lead conceptual incoherence, which means immortality of the soul.OR U CANT ACT MORALLY

Question 5

Kant says there is a fact of ought

Answer 5

We know people say you should and should not (fact of ought), that doesnt mean ought of a fact people still lie

Question 6

Kant want to explain the necssitation of the will (the should and should not

Answer 6

Kant says the only source to explain that is because we have reason, and the fact that reason (deduce conclusion from premise) can be practical
Given some premises u are going to infer a conclusion that will determine ur will

Question 7

Kant says you behave on pure practical reason that is why u can necessitate ur will

Answer 7

for conceptual coherence. u dont look at consequences.

Question 8

Pure practical reasoning is determining ur will basded on conceptual reasoning not on measuing consequences

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Determination of ur will means

Answer 9

What do i want
imperical determinations : i want food, knowledge (u desire them, they dont tell u what to do)
pure determination of the will : i want conceptual coherence

Question 10

when ur will want conceptual coherence , u have good will

Answer 10

true, kant says pure practical reasons target role is determine a good will

Question 11

In practical philosophy, u shouldnt use ur reason to calculate consequences but u should use ur reason to deternmine a pure will (good will,conceptual coherence)

Answer 11

true

Question 12

When u have moral law , u can now sort the permissable and non permissable actions

Answer 12

true

Question 13

In order to do the moral action what do u need ( to say the truth, to hoor u parents….)

Answer 13

U need another person, because u relate to urself as reasonable person and this relation to urself as reasonable person must be the ground to ur relation with another person, else action cant be moral or immoral ( when u say i want to be honest with my friend, the friend i am referring to is the ideal conceptual friend, thus i will behave with the friend in front of me in the same way)
To be moral u have to be actively moral, u need to act the same way, it is inside u. Morality is active.
thus u cant be moral with ur cat, building

Question 14

Why would someone endure pain for the sake of conceptual coherence, there is contradicction, kant says

Answer 14

If i say want conceptual coherence, why i want conceptual coherence, because i want conceptual coherence. Implies there is something more which is the motivatiion.
What do i want is conceptual coherence (pure intention pure determination of the will)
Why do i want motivation paradise (it must be unearthly pleasure, else my will will not be goood)
Motivation is not the determination of the will
why do i want to apply the moral law (motivation in kant is unearthly pleasure)

Question 15

Antonomy of practical reason

Answer 15

The practical reason oblige you to be morally active, however the practical reason tells u there must be a motivation, not only for the sake of conceptual coherence I

Question 16

f you are on earth alone , can u act morally ?

Answer 16

No , because you have earthly pleasures, which will not make your intention pure, thus u need unearthly pleasure
The motivation must be unearthly else you cant be motivated purely which means morality becomes unearthly

Question 17

In paradise nature in itslef is moral

Answer 17

paradise is a place where nature follows the moral law, u cant be hit by stone, u cant get hangover from drinking

Question 18

Kant says morality leads to happiness but not vice versa

Answer 18

true

Question 19

In our world morality does not always lead to happiness ( there is no relation of necessity between them)

Answer 19

Only in paradise morality leads to happiness

Question 20

What does it mean adam in the image of God

Answer 20

Adam follows the moral law freely ( out of his own choice)
Dvil told adam: Go against the will of God and u will become truely like him (He wanted to have a will of his own, not that of God)

Question 21

If u dont believe in God, could u ever act morally

Answer 21

no

Question 22

If anyone acts moraaly it means he believes

Answer 22

True

Question 23

When u act morally, you must not imagine paradise and pleasure

Answer 23

U must act only out of conceptual coherence because no one really knows how is paradise . U act out of pure reason and u do it without having any other motivation , this is where u are really having the motivation for paradise. (Something in u will be leading u to paradise which is.adamic pure nature)

Question 24

For kant  
If u are a good person (one with good will.....moral law) 
are u a believer?
two layers of believes????
ASK QUESTIONS

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

When u see somone sinnig, u must be not be harsh with him

Answer 25

because we are all sinners, we have part that is not governed by moral law (our nature is exposed to sin)

Question 26

Origin of faith

Answer 26

u need faith for what is required for morality but u cannot proof (like proofing square has 4 sides)

Question 27

Why u need prophets

Answer 27

because they brought the proof as revalation

Question 28

Why we bless before eating

Answer 28

i will only get the pleasure only if it is moral