Lecture 3 Flashcards
Utilitarians -Happiness
Practical philosophy
Those who do business are fed by the nobles (kings and priests)
Utilitarianism
We always follow pleasure and avoid pain
Is friendship animal in core
Do friends brings you pleasure (yes),
do you have passion to be with friends
Honesty
Being correct when giving services (you do what you have to do) , Doing good services
Social values
motives that essentialy prevent bad actions and are appreciated by society
Why do we have values
Because they bring benefit to others
Values are desires/motivations
Sacrifice is valuedddd
Moral values (Question values vs social value differences)
motives that essentialy prevent bad actions and are appreciated by society and giude urself..
when you are honorable person, what will make you stop do bad thing
love of justice/honor/god/kindness
Will or virtue
capacities allowing to exercise an effort in view of a greater good to a lesser one
Fortitude (neutral) (enduring pain to achieve a greater good ghandi vs hitler)
types of virtue/will (neutral)
prudence : capacity to foresee the bad stuff that will happen (neutral)
fortitude: capacity to endure pain in order to achieve a goal (neutral ) (hitler vs ghandi)
Depending on consequences you will have good/bad
True (helping a friend in an exam)
Golden rule of utility
Principal of utility : practical principle stating that the goal of all actions is to achieve the greatst happiness for the greatest number
Married couple wanna have third partner
What could happen in reality if we say the happiness for the biggest number
Biggest number for his happiness inflect pain on the smaller numbers (like hitler)
That is why we say benthom is quantitative utilitarianism
it works on specific cases (buying a car, you see pros and cons)
Mill (student of benthom) improved utilitariansims
Greatest happiness for greatest number is not quantitative, you need to understand happiness
What is happiness(Mill)
State of pleasure that bypasses state of pain and is stable (end of mean)
To understand happiness you have 3 things
1)The motive of the action (desires)
2) The end (goal) of action (always of pleasure
3) In between you have ( the means) (Intentions -the what)
State of pleasure that by passes state of pain and is stable is called happiness
Happiness is an end itself not a mean to an end
True (happiness is not a mean)
A happy society is a society where all means are ends
true
What you choose freely is what you love and it will be what will bring you happiness
true
mill defining harm
harm when you attempt to the integrity of body, property , or psychological property
Offense is different from harm
i am coming at night drunk with 2 prostitutes , my neighbor saw me and he is offended beecause he considered offending to have such person in the building . (It is not harm because if it is so, he can kick me out of building)
Harm is not offense
If you whistle when a nice lady passes (offenses but not harmful)
Sanctions
instance that reattributes our actions
Sanctions (you are drunk for example )
Natural sanction ( hangover) sympatatic sanctions (friends stop talking to u) (Also here offenses tell your friend u are donkey) Moral sanction (u will be considered immoral) (Offenses are here) legal sanction (drinking and driving)
Principal of sacrifice
rejection of actual pleasure in view of a higher good
A good society (Mill said)
A good society is a society that will favor everyone to do whatever they want because people will be able to excel in what they do (Society of geniuses )
The enemy of the society will be three
1) Busineess (people work for money no excel)
2) Tradition (no one can change tradition)
3) Normalization ( everyone is doing the same thing, speaking the same way..)
Mill thinks philanthropy is a sign of decay of society
Because people indulging in philanthropy have empty life and there are poor people in society
In sacrifice ( you have pleasure ) (The idea of running away will bring u pain)
avoid pain of ur family
