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Bloc F - Defense > Mar19 A1-Differential diagnosis > Flashcards

Mar19 A1-Differential diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

causes of cough in smokers vs non smokers

A

same causes.

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2
Q

4 causes of fever

A
  1. infection
  2. inflammation
  3. cancer
  4. injury
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3
Q

sore throat different meanings

A
  • hurts when swallow is not sore throat

- sore throat

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4
Q

URTI, fever, sore throat, headache: most likely causes

A
  • strep throat
  • infectious mono
  • bronchitis (UNLIKELY to cause fever)
  • flu (sore throat bc congested)
  • autoinflammatory syndromes
  • ate something that got stuck in the throat and injured it (ex. fish bone)
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5
Q

3 first steps of ddx

A
  1. generate problem list
  2. generate ddx
  3. rank ddx
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6
Q

3 year old with fever and a rash most likely dx

A

virus

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7
Q

(imp?) 80 yr old, cough for 3 days most important thing to check and why

A

respiratory rate. only thing positively correlated with getting a CXR (change of having lung pathology only increases with higher RR)

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8
Q

80 yr old: thing in history that becomes irrelevant

A

family history

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9
Q

most common cause of cough in 2 yr old vs 80 yr old

A

virus

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10
Q

45 yr old. 2 days of cough + short of breath + pleuritic pain: 2 things not to miss and that could kill the patient

A
  • PE

- pneumothorax

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11
Q

important question to ask in chest pain (cardiac or resp)

A

exercise intolerance (to check if cardiac)

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12
Q

question to ask in pneumothorax (thing that might increases its probability in the ddx)

A 
smoking weed
(increases chance of pneumothorax in general)
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13
Q

mnemonic to structure a ddx

A

VITAMINSABCDE
Vascular. Infectious. Trauma. Autoimmune or Allergy. Metabolic. Idiopathic or Iatrogenic. Neoplastic. Social. Alcohol. Behavioral or psychosomatic. Congenital. Degenerative. Endocrine.

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14
Q

11 month old with fever and irritability for 2 days: TWO most likely dx

A
  1. acute viral illness

2. bacterial infection (can hide in lung, ear or urinary tract)

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15
Q

11 month old with fever and irritability for 2 days: important disease not to miss and how to check

A

meningitis. (age, fever, irritability)
* **ask if stiff baby and doesn’t like to bend forward (is stiff or bent backwards): bc meninges is sack around spine and brain. inflammed = pain when stretched

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16
Q

most common cause of fever in infants

A

rosiola. (can verify by checking for rash when fever resolves)

17
Q

common course of rosiola infection

A
  • in infant between 2 months and 3 yrs of age
  • high fever for a few days and then resolves
  • rash develops
18
Q

important question in 27 yr old female with new onset abdominal pain

A

last menstrual period

19
Q

27 yr old female with new onset abdominal pain: main things on ddx

A 
#1 ovarian torsion
#2 ectopic pregnancy (important bc can kill the patient*****)
#3 STIs
#4 kidney stone
#5 food poisoning
#6 volvulus and hernia
cancer is far down
20
Q

80 yr old female with new onset abd pain how differential changes

A

ectopic pregnancy impossible but rest of differential remains

21
Q

16 year old with difficult to control nosebleed for 1 week + headaches getting worse. FIRST thing on ddx

A

he picks his nose (can give nasal gel) (digital irritation in a dry environment)

22
Q

16 year old with difficult to control nosebleed for 1 week + headaches getting worse. what can not be missed and how to check

A

cranial malignancy

-ask if headache is worse in the morning bc positive = increased intracranial pressure

23
Q

16 year old with difficult to control nosebleed for 1 week + headaches getting worse. DDX

A
  • cranial malignancy
  • picks his nose
  • medication induced platelet problem
  • seizures (epilepsy)
  • cocaine
  • ITP
24
Q

20 yr old man brought to the ER having passed out in the metro + fatigue for last 2 months: DDX of syncope

A
  1. malnutrition
  2. anemia (Fe deficiency)
  3. hypothyroidism
  4. dehydration
  5. type 1 DM
  6. anxiety
25
Q

45 yr old. root canal. 10 minutes into procedure, short of breath. DDX

A
  1. allergic rx (to local anesthetic)
  2. anxiety attack
  3. asthma
  4. because of the pain
  5. OSA
  6. atypical angina
  7. heart failure
26
Q

20 yr old comes to dentist for filling. persistent bleeding. number 1 cause + DDX

A

1 periodontitis

  • trauma (iatrogenic)
  • liver disease (clotting factors)
  • vWF disease
  • scurvy
27
Q

basic pathophysiology principle in general, especially in hematology

A

not enough of a cell type =

  • not made (aplastic anemia, marrow malignancy)
  • being used (autoimmune or infectious)
  • destroyed (spleen or autoimmune)
28
Q

ddx of polydipsia

A
  • central problem
  • solutes problem (hyperNa, hyperglycemia, ..)
  • excreting too much water (sweating, peeing, feces, etc.)
29
Q

coagulopathy def

A

problem of production of proteins needed for coagulation cascade (liver problem or immune problem)

Bloc F - Defense (57 decks)

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