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Biomechanics > manipulatio nand mobilization > Flashcards

manipulatio nand mobilization Flashcards

1
Q

what can be used to explain joint dysfunction?

A

biomechanical principles

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2
Q

What can be explained by combining biomechanical info with neurophysiology?

A

the role of joint dysfucntion in pain and altered physiological function

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3
Q

What are the two bimechanical approaches to joint assessment?

A

static model and dynamic model

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4
Q

the static model of joint assesment is based on what fundamental?

A

that structure detemines function

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5
Q

what can create changes in the mechanical and neurological function of a joint?

A

alterations in the position of adjacent bones

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6
Q

what three things is malposition determined by?

A

static palpation, x rays, special instruments like thermograpy and electromyography

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7
Q

what could limit static assesment?

A

bony anomalies, bad function with good alignment, joint compensating for problem elsewhere

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8
Q

what are the advantages of satic assessment?

A

good for acute conditons with painful movement, and where there is limited motion

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9
Q

what is the emphysis of the static model?

A

structural , bone out of place causes problems

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10
Q

What is the emphasis of the dynamic model?

A

functional, loss of motion is the problem

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11
Q

What is the dynamic model based on?

A

function is often more signifigant thatn structure, mobile means healthy

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12
Q

according to the dynamic model, what do alteration in motion of adjacent bones create?

A

altered mechanical and neurological function of a joint

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13
Q

what contributes to the altered motion of a joint?

A

muscles and ligaments

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14
Q

How can restrictions be determined?

A

motion palpation, posture/gait analysis and motion x rays

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15
Q

what are the main limitations of the dynamic model?

A

all examiners see something different, not as good if motion is limited, may overlook poor posture if joints are ok, disease may be limited by disease.

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16
Q

what are the main advantages of the dynamic assessment?

A

identifies componenets that become dysfunctional like joint or soft tissues

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17
Q

what does malposition of bone refer to?

A

static finding

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18
Q

what does restriction of joint motion refer to?

A

dynamic finding

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19
Q

what model does the naturopathic manipulative therapeurtic approace uses?

A

combo of structural/static and functional/dynamic analysis

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20
Q

what is joint fixation?

A

temporaly immobilized , either in position of movment or at rest when in movement.

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21
Q

what does joint restriction describe?

A

direction of limited movement in a dysfunctional joint

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22
Q

what are the three main causes of joint dysfunction

A

mechanical, chemical and phychological stress

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23
Q

Example of mechanical cause of joint dysfunction

A

macrotrauma, microtrauma (repetitive) and postural

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24
Q

example of chemical cause of joint dysfunction

A

environmental toxyns, hormonal, reflex interaction

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25
Q

example of psychooical stress causing joint dysfunction

A

psycho somato visceral reflexes

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26
Q

what does parts stand for?

A

Pain, Asymmetry, range of motion, tone, special tests

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27
Q

what is parts used for?

A

to identify joint dysfunction

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28
Q

how is pain and tenderness identifeid

A

palpation both static and motion

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29
Q

ow is asymmetry detected?

A

static palpation of bony landmarks and muscle tine

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30
Q

How is range of motion determined?

A

motion palpation or range of motion, active, passive etc.

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31
Q

how is tone determined?

A

palpation of soft tissues

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32
Q

what are some special tests?

A

orthopedic and challenges

33
Q

when assesing joint dysfunction what 3 things are you doing?

A

Plapation both static and motion, Range of motion inclucing end feel and Naming the dysfunction both static and motion listings

34
Q

first part of inspectionand observation?

A

superficial like shape, posture and gate, scars cuts, etc

35
Q

what does static palpation include?

A

Assessment of neutral muscles, ligaments bones skin

36
Q

What does motion palpation include?

A

quality of movement, quality, joint play, end feel and symptioms

37
Q

what is ment by joint play?

A

what is the quality of resistance?

38
Q

what is the goniometry used for?

A

extremity joint global range of motion

39
Q

What is the inclinometry used for?

A

spinal measurements global range of motion

40
Q

what is AROM?

A

active range of motion that patient does for self, physiological osteokinematic movement

41
Q

What is PROM?

A

Passive range of motion without patien assistance.

42
Q

what is the physicological barrier?

A

end point of ACTIVE joint movement

43
Q

What is joint paly?

A

movement of joint, independent of voluntary muscle action, felt from a neutral position

44
Q

What is end feel?

A

movement independent of voluntary muscles: springing bone at the limit of its passive range of motion.

45
Q

What is the elastic barrier

A

resistance felt at end of passive range of motion, can still go a bit further

46
Q

Paraphysiological space?

A

increased movement beyond elastic barrier

47
Q

Anatomic limit

A

limit of motion imposed by anatomic structures, beyond this point is trauma

48
Q

Are all joint end feels the same?

A

no, what is normal for one may be pathological for another

49
Q

What is capsular end feel like?

A

firm but giving, resistance builds with lengthening

50
Q

example of normal casular

A

external rotation of shoulder

51
Q

example of abnormal capsular?

A

cabsular fibrosis and adhesions

52
Q

Ligamentous movement?

A

slightly firmer that capsular

53
Q

normal ligamentous movement?

A

knee extension

54
Q

abnormal ligametous movement

A

resisantace a result of ligament shortening

55
Q

Soft tissue approximation is what?

A

giving squeezing quality, results from approximation of soft tissue,

56
Q

Nomal soft tissue approximation?

A

elbow flexion

57
Q

abnormal ligamentous approximation

A

muscle hypertrophy and soft tissue swelling

58
Q

in what conditions can end feel be palpated?

A

normal or abnormal conditions

59
Q

Bony end feel?

A

hard, non giving

60
Q

normal bony end feel

A

elbow extension

61
Q

abnormal bony end feel

A

bony exostosis , aarticular hypertrophic changes

62
Q

Muscular end feel?

A

firm but giving but it builds with elongation, not as stiff a capsular

63
Q

Normal muscular end feel?

A

hip flextion

64
Q

what are the end feels that can only be assesed in abnormal condtions?

A

muscle spasm, interarticular, and empty

65
Q

when can end feel not be assesed due to guarding?

A

during muscle spasm.

66
Q

interarticular end feel - abnormal is what?

A

bouncy, springy like in a joint mice or meniscal tear

67
Q

what is empty end feel?

A

normal resistance is missing, unusual give or deformation lke in joint injury,

68
Q

what does listing refer to?

A

description of the manner in which the joint is dysfunctional by naming and recording the joint abnormalities

69
Q

how are peripheral joints listed?

A

position of the most moveable bone

70
Q

How are vertebrae joints listed?

A

name the upper vertebra relative to lower one of the motion sement.

71
Q

is listing static or dynamic?

A

listing can be either static or dynamic

72
Q

what is used at the ending of a static listing?

A

the term malposition is used at end of static listing.

73
Q

in static listing what termonology is used to describe position of joint?

A

standard motion termonology.

74
Q

how would I lable a static malposition?

A

determine the anatomical position (flexion, extension etc) of the bone then add malposition.

75
Q

what are motion listings based on?

A

motion palpation or dyamic x ray.

76
Q

what does motion listin describe?

A

the direction the joint will NOT move or has lack of springy feel.

77
Q

what term is at the end of motion listing?

A

restriction

78
Q

how do I lable motion listing?

A

determine the direction the joint will not move and then add the term restricted.

79
Q

what would extension restriction mean?

A

not moving into extension

Biomechanics (12 decks)

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