Manipulating Genomes - Module 6 Flashcards
What is a genome of an organism?
All of the genetic material an organism contains
What are exons?
DNA that codes
What are introns?
Non-coding DNA
What do restriction endonuclease do?
Cut strands of DNA into small fragments
What is the use of PCR?
Multiplying the sample of DNA we have
What are the uses of DNA profiling?
- Forensic science
- Determining paternity
- Identifying people at risk of disease
What is DNA sequencing?
Process determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
What development in DNA sequencing led to automation of the process?
Changing from the use of radioactive labels to fluorescent tags
What is the HGP?
The human genome project - undertaken by scientist across the word to sequence the DNA of a whole human
What do terminator bases do?
They are modified venisons of ATCG that stop DNA synthesis when they are included
What is high throughput sequencing? Or next generation sequencing?
A new fast method of sequencing (than Sanger method)
Millions of DNA fragments placed on a plastic flow slide and are replicated in situ using PCR and terminator bases are added to stop reaction and images are taken
What are the advantages of high-throughput sequencing?
- Cost effective
- More genomes can be sequenced
- Share new information with scientists
What is bioinformatics (computational biology)?
The development of software and computing tools needed to organise and analyse raw biological data
What can the data from computational biology be used to do?
Predict outcomes of different circumstances
What is genomics?
The field of genetics using DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to analyse structure and function of genomes
