Brain - Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two components of the mammalian nervous system?

A
  1. Central nervous system CNS
  2. Peripheral nervous system PND
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2
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

The Brian and spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

The neurones that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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4
Q

What are the two functionally organised systems in the mammalian nervous system?

A
  1. Somatic nervous system
  2. Autonomic nervous system
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5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Used when voluntarily deciding to do something

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6
Q

Where does the somatic nervous system carry impulses?

A

The the body muscles

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7
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Involuntarily working under subconscious control e.g heart beat and digestion

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8
Q

Where does the autonomic nervous system carry impulses?

A

To glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system
  2. Parasympathetic nervous system
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10
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Increases the activity of the outcome e.g increases heart rate
Fight or flight

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11
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Decreases the activity of the outcome e.g decreases heart rate after finishing exercise

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12
Q

Describe the gross structure of the brain

A

The brain is protected by the skull as well as a protective membrane

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13
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Controls muscular movement, posture and balance
IT DOES NOT INITIATE MOVEMENT ONLY COORDINATES IT

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14
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control and what does it contain?

A

The medulla oblongata controls reflex activities such as ventilation and heart rate
It contains regulatory centres of autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

Where is the main control region for the autonomic nervous system?

A

The hypothalamus

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16
Q

What are the 4 functions of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. Behaviour patterns (sleeping, feeding, aggression)
  2. Monitors composition of blood plasma (water and glucose concentration)
  3. Producing hormones
  4. Thermoregulatory control
17
Q

Why does the Hypothalamus have a rich blood supply?

A

It monitors the blood water and glucose concentration

18
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

The base of the hypothalamus

19
Q

What does the pituitary gland control?

A

Most glands in the body

20
Q

What are the two sections of the pituitary gland?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary
  2. Posterior pituitary
21
Q

What does the anterior pituitary do?

A

Produces 6 hormones including FSH for reproduction

22
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do?

A

Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus

23
Q

Why is the highly convoluted membrane of the cerebrum an advantage?

A

Increases surface area and capacity for activity

24
Q

What does the outer layer of the cerebrum called?

A

Cerebral cortex

25
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control?

A

Sophisticated processes - decision making and reasoning

26
Q

What are the ‘sensory regions’ in the cerebrum relative to?

A

The number of receptor cells in the body part the impulses come from

27
Q

What controls movement in the cerebrum?

A

The primary motor cortex

28
Q

What happens in the base of the cerebrum?

A

The impulses cross over - left hemisphere controls right side of body, right hemisphere controls left side of body

29
Q

What does the cerebrum control?

A

Controls voluntary actions - learning, memory and personality