Blood Glucose And Pancreas - Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two functions of the pancreas?

A
  1. Exocrine gland
  2. Endocrine gland
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2
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

To produce and release enzymes into the duodenum

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3
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

Top of the small intestine

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4
Q

What enzymes does the exocrine gland of the pancreas release?

A

Amylases - carbohydrates to glucose
Proteases - proteins to amino acids
Lipases - lipids to fatty acids/glycerol

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5
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

To release insulin and glucagon

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6
Q

What is an islet of langerhans?

A

Portion of endocrine tissue in the masses of exocrine tissue in the pancreas
Contains beta and alpha cells secreting insulin and glucagon respectively

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7
Q

How are blood glucose levels increased?[3]

A
  1. Diet
  2. Glycogenolysis
  3. Gluconeogenesis
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8
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

When glycogen is converted to glucose

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9
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Conversion of non carbohydrate molecules to glucose

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10
Q

How are blood glucose levels decreased?

A
  1. Respiration - glucose is used by cells to release energy
  2. Glycogenesis
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11
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Production of glycogen

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12
Q

When is insulin secreted?

A

When beta cells detect a rise in blood glucose levels

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13
Q

When is glucagon secreted?

A

When alpha cells detect a fall in blood glucose levels

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14
Q

How does insulin cause blood glucose levels to fall?

A

Binds to cell surface receptors changing tertiary shape causing glucose transport channels to open

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15
Q

Describe the control of insulin secretion in beta cells

A

At normal levels K+ ion channels are open and actively diffuse out of beta cells

  1. Glucose levels rise and enter beta cell
  2. Glucose is metabolised to for ATP
  3. ATP causes K+ ion gates to close stopping then from leavening the cell
  4. As k+ ions can no longer leave cell, potential difference reduces cause depolarisation
  5. Depolarisation causes Ca2+ ion gates to open and diffuse into cell
  6. Ca2+ ions cause secretory vesicles to fuse to cell membrane and release insulin by exocytosis
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