Enzymes - Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of protein are enzymes?

A

Globular protein

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2
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Energy require for a reaction to occur

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3
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A

That a specific active site will only fit a specific substrate

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4
Q

What is the induced fit hypothesis?

A

That active site of an enzyme will slightly change shape as substrate enters and lowering activation energy as substrate molecule has strain put on it as it fits into the active site

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5
Q

Describe the digestion of starch?

A
  1. Starch is broken down into maltose by amylase
  2. Maltose is broken into glucose by maltase
  3. Glucose is absorbed in digestive lining
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6
Q

What is the role of enzyme trypsin?

A

It is a protease -
To break down proteins to amino acids

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7
Q

What are enzymes adapted to cold environments like?

A

Have more flexible structures and are therefore less stable

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8
Q

What are enzymes in hot environments like?

A

Are more stables as they have an increased number of bonds in tertiary structure

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9
Q

Describe competitive inhibition

A

When competitive inhibitors have the similar shape to substrate and block active sites preventing substrates from bonding

Effects are temporary and reversible

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10
Q

Describe non competitive inhibition

A

Inhibitor will bind to allosteric site and change tertiary structure of enzyme so the active site will change shape

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11
Q

What is end product inhibition?

A

A negative feedback loop that occurs when a product of a reaction acts as an inhibitor for the enzyme that uses it

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12
Q

Why is end product inhibition important?

A

So that excess products are not made and wasted

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13
Q

What is a cofactor?

A

Inorganic molecules obtained in the diet (minerals) that helps enzymes carry out their function

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14
Q

What is a coenzyme?

A

An organic cofactor (derived from vitaminds)

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15
Q

What is a prosthetic group?

A

A tightly bound permanent feature of a molecule acting as a cofactor

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16
Q

What is an inactive precursor enzyme?

A

An enzyme that is produced in an inactive form and needs the addition of a cofactor to work

17
Q

What is an apoenzyme?

A

Inactive enzyme

18
Q

What is a holoenzyme?

A

Active enzyme