Classification And Evolutio - Module 4 Flashcards
Define evolution
The theory that describes the way in which organisms evolve and change over many years as a result of natural selection
Who proposed the theory of evolution and why was it heavily rejected?
Darwin and Wallace
It was rejected due to the heavy biblical and religious view points of the time
What were the observations of Darwin and Wallace?
Darwin studied the finches at the Galapagos
Wallace found similar theories in Borneo
Describe the process of natural selection
- Mutation causes genetic variation
- Mutation causes a competitive advantage against a selective pressure
- Best suited organism survive and reproduce
- Advantageous allele is passed on to offspring
- Frequency of allele increases in population
What is a selective pressure?
Factors that affect an organisms chance of survival or reproductive success
Give some modern examples of natural selection
- Antibiotic resistant bacteria
- Peppered moths
What types of evidence is there for the theory of evolution?
- Paleontology
- Comparative anatomy
- Comparative biochemistry
How does comparative biochemistry provide evidence for evolution?
Studies the similarities and differencedifferences between between proteins in DNA
Cytochrome C is often studied
How does comparative anatomy provide evidence for evolution?
Studies difference and similarities between anatomy of living species
Looking at homogenous structure provide evidence for divergent evolution
What is a homologous structure?
Structures tat appear superficially different but has the same underlying structure
What is divergent evolution?
How species evolve from a common ancestor
What are the 3 domains?
Archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plant, fungi, animal, prokaryote, protist
What is archaebacteria?
Ancient bacteria that can survive in extreme conditions
What is convergent evolution?
When unrelated species have similar features as they evolve because of similar environments and selection pressures
