Classification And Evolutio - Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define evolution

A

The theory that describes the way in which organisms evolve and change over many years as a result of natural selection

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2
Q

Who proposed the theory of evolution and why was it heavily rejected?

A

Darwin and Wallace

It was rejected due to the heavy biblical and religious view points of the time

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3
Q

What were the observations of Darwin and Wallace?

A

Darwin studied the finches at the Galapagos
Wallace found similar theories in Borneo

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4
Q

Describe the process of natural selection

A
  1. Mutation causes genetic variation
  2. Mutation causes a competitive advantage against a selective pressure
  3. Best suited organism survive and reproduce
  4. Advantageous allele is passed on to offspring
  5. Frequency of allele increases in population
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5
Q

What is a selective pressure?

A

Factors that affect an organisms chance of survival or reproductive success

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6
Q

Give some modern examples of natural selection

A
  1. Antibiotic resistant bacteria
  2. Peppered moths
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7
Q

What types of evidence is there for the theory of evolution?

A
  1. Paleontology
  2. Comparative anatomy
  3. Comparative biochemistry
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8
Q

How does comparative biochemistry provide evidence for evolution?

A

Studies the similarities and differencedifferences between between proteins in DNA
Cytochrome C is often studied

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9
Q

How does comparative anatomy provide evidence for evolution?

A

Studies difference and similarities between anatomy of living species
Looking at homogenous structure provide evidence for divergent evolution

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10
Q

What is a homologous structure?

A

Structures tat appear superficially different but has the same underlying structure

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11
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

How species evolve from a common ancestor

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12
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes

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13
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Plant, fungi, animal, prokaryote, protist

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14
Q

What is archaebacteria?

A

Ancient bacteria that can survive in extreme conditions

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15
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

When unrelated species have similar features as they evolve because of similar environments and selection pressures

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16
Q

What are analogous structures?

A

Structures that have the same function but different genetic origin

17
Q

What are the 5 causes of genetic variation ?

A
  1. Alleles
  2. Mutation
  3. Meiosis
  4. Sexual reproduction
  5. Chance