managing hazards (mindmap) Flashcards
what is land use zoning
-when local governments planners regulate how land in a community is used
-protecting both people and property
what is an example of land use zoning
-certain type of structures (e.g. nucleur power stations) prohibited
-development in areas of natural protection should be limited
example of land use zoning
-Mount Taranaki, new zealand, divided into zones based on likely damage to the area
what is GIS mapping
-map which analyses and displays geographically referenced information
-helps manage hazards effectively
Example of GIS map
-in nepal, combines info abt earthquake such as
1) the location and rough population sizes
2) the areas affected by the earthquake
3) the location of airports and airstrips
how do GIS maps reduce risk
-helps aid agencies identify areas most affected and nearest location where aircrafts/ helicopters can land
methods of diverting lava flows
-building barriers
-digging channels
why are methods of diverting lava flows not effective
-path taken by lava is hard to predict
-the topography has to be suitable
-stopping lava flow from one community may push it towards another
example of diverting lava flows
-In la palma 2021, lava diverting protected key infrastructure and slowing lava movement
how do hazard resistant designs modify the event
-the roofs of houses built near volcanoes can be sloped to reduce the amount of ash build up to reduce collapsing under weight
-buildings at risk of a tsunami can be ellevated and anchored
-existing buildings can be retrofitted (modified)
what is crisis mapping
-uses crowd sourced info collected by volunteers, satellite imaging, other maps and statistical models to map areas struck by disaster
example of crisis mapping
-aftermath of nepal eq
-volunteers riding bicycles with GPS trackers went to remote villages to collect info about number of residents, quality of buildings
-build up picture of vulnerability
what is modelling hazard impact
-computer models allow scientists to predict the impacts of hazard events on communities which model the effects of a disaster
use of modelling hazard impacts
-allow scientists to compare the effect of different scenarios
-help descision makers develop plants and strategies to reduce impact
- how to use resources effectively
what helps education for disasters
-people living in areas affected from a natural hazard
-especially true in areas where governments may not have resources to invest in hazard planning
example of local knowledge as a way to reduce risk
-during 2004 indian ocean tsunami
-elders of thailand moken tribe noticed unsual movements in bay of bengal
-warned villagers to run to the hilltop
-only 1 death out of 200
community preparedness
-comitte formed to develop plans so effort can be coordinated
example of community preparednes
-creating list of vulnerable people
-organising practice evac drills
-provide first aid courses
example of eq drills
-in japan, children practice eq drills 4x a year
-disaster prevention day in japan where over 2 mill regularly attend
aid and NGO to modify the loss
-during recovery and response stages of hazard management
-help communities cope with personal, social, economic loss
-the role of aid doners
-emergancy aid (blankets, water)
-short term (restore water and temporary shelter)
-long term (reconstruct and redevelop economy)
example of when NGO helped
-in the 2005 pakistan eq
-mag 7.6
-provided over 500,000 tents, 6 mil blankets and safe water for 700,000 people
-oxfam helped nearly 60,000 people rebuild their livlihoods by providing livestock and animal feed
role of insurance in modifying the loss
-in 2011, worldwide loses were 54 billion
-help communities recover from disasters
-in some HIC counteis gov and insurance companies work together
