Management and leadership Flashcards
What is the difference between leaders and managers
Leaders as well as similar function to managers also inspire and motivate the workforce and consider the long term strategy
Managers control and direct the workforce
What does a successful business owner need not be and do that a manager doesn’t
Get people to understand and believe their vision to work with them to achieve the goals
List the functions of management
1 plan
2 organise
3 Control
4 functional
5 co ordinate
6 lead
List the roles of managers
1 interpersonal roles - hiring, firing , training, motivating , organizing
2 decision making roles
3 information roles - between departments
What is the philosophy of management by objective MBO
Objectives are set so managers and workers agree and understand what they need to do to achieve them . Objectives must be broken down for departments , managers and workers - but when you put them together the end result is the same for the whole organisation
What is the MBO process
1 review objectives for the whole business
2 set objectives for management of the differrent functions of the business
3 set objectives for individual departments and workers
4 monitor progress - managers and workers check to see if the objectives are being reached
5 evaluate performance and give reward if the objectives were reached
What are the advantages of applying management by objectives
1 improved management control of the organisation- managers know who is doing what and what they are supposed
2 improved financial control - part of objective setting is monitoring revenue and expenditure
3 Allows managers to be aware or their responsibilities
4 work of departments and are managers are co ordinated everyone working together to the same goal
5 it can motivate workforce- all empowered by objective setting
6 it can improve communications within the organisations
What are the disadvantages of applying management by objectives
1 management time spent on the process of setting objectives not managing the organisation
22 the ever changing business environment in which the goals are set may change over time making objectives unrealistic
3 demotivation and breakdown of working relationships if not all levels are involved in setting objectives
4 objectives can be seen as a form of control
5 a situation may arise where managers loss focus and concentrate on short term objectives ignoring long term goals
What is Mcgregors theory of managers
That there are 2 types of manager x and y
What is an x manager like
Makes assumptions about employees
1 that worked must be supervised or quality and quantity of work falls
2 workers only respect managers who tell them what to do with authority
3 money is the only motivator
4 workers do not want to be involved in decision making
5 workers do not want to be known to managers
6 workers have little ambition
What is a y manager like
The opposite of an x and start with positive assumptions
1 workers can not be motivated by money alone
2 workers are ambitious , want to train and improve chance of promotion
3 workers will be more efficient if left to own devices
4 workers want to contribute to efficiency
What are the consequences of x management
1 strict control of formal methods of communication
2tasks must be designed so they are broken down into simple steps
3 responsibilities must be made clear
4 supervisors must maintain quality
5 high level of dependence on decision making of senior management
What are the consequences of Y managers
1 flexible working practices
2 promotion opportunity
3 formal communication vertical and horizontal
4 use of cell working
5 requirement for training.
List character traits of effective managers
1 empathy
2 self awareness
3 enthusiasm
4 hard working
5 inspirational
What are the roles of leaders
1 create visions and aims
2 establish objectives
3 decide on structures
4 create new roles and jobs
5 anticipate problems
6 empower and delegate
List the characteristics effective leaders need
1 intellectual skills
2 interpersonal skills
3 realistic aspirations
4 vision
5 communication skills
6 creativity
7 innovation
Commitment
9 identify and respond to challenge
Identify 5 leadership styles
1 autocratic
2 paternalistic
3 democratic or participative
4 laissez faire
5 bureaucratic
Describe an autocratic leader
1 Gives orders that are to be obeyed without question
2 probably a theory x manager
3 effective when rapid restructuring is needed
4 Relays upon a strict hierarchical structure
5 no employee is involved in decision making
Describe a paternalistic leader
1 they make all the decisions
2 try to persuade employees that the decisions are made in the interests of all concerned
Consider the welfare of their employees
Describe laissez faire leader
Leader has minimal input and employees are left to get on with job
2 minimal guidance is given workers given opportunity to demonstrate capabilities
3 if workers are not motivated work and productivity can suffer
Describe democratic or participative leader
1 consults with subordinates in decsions
2 Employees involved in designing their job
3 need to be good communicators to consult and persuade workers
4 can have a motivated committed workforce
Describe a bureaucratic leader
1 focus on developing specialization of jobs
2 rely on formal procedures and clearly defined hierarchy
3 job roles are formally defined
What are the advantages of a bureaucracy
Each employee knows exactly what their duties are and many tasks are performed quicker and efficiently
Workers are secure in roles so are more likely to co operate with other workers
What are the main disadvantages of a bureaucracy
It discourages innovation is discouraged and workers find it hard to adapt
What makes a good leader
Different leadership styles suit different circumstances. A good leader can dart to different situations.
List theories of leadership
1 fielders contingency model
2 wright and Taylor
Describe Fiedlers contingency model
1 Fiedler believed quality of leadership was the most important factor affecting success of an organisation
2 that some people are effective in some situations but not in others
3 he devised a way to help people decide what type of leader they are in order to help them be more effective
4 to determine a leadership style Fiedler got them to fill in a questionnaire about a person they would least like to work with- the least preferred co workerscale - this scale identified 2 leadership types . A high score made them relationship motivated and a low score task motivated
Describe relationship orientated leaders
Effective is less extreme circumstances
Describe task orientated leaders
Most effective in either extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable situations eg when there is trust and respect and confidence as well as when it doesn’t exist
What did Fielders work enable
Businesses could identify best potential leaders and show leaders which situations they best suited he called it leadership match concept
What was the criticism of Fielders work
He didn’t give enough credibility to leaders ability to adapt to changing circumstance
Describe Wright and Taylor theory
1 leaders performance could be improved through education
2 nbelieved that there were 2 gaps in approaches to leadership firstly not enough emphasis on what leaders do when interacting with subordinates and element of skill is ignored
3 believed there is not a one size fits all solution that each situation requires a different and appropriate response by leaders
4 they devised a check list to help leaders analyse performance
