Mammals Part 1 Flashcards
Explain the three characteristics that make the Order Monotremata “reptilianlike.”
- Cloaca
- Locomotion
- Oviparous
Explain/describe the other characteristics of the order Monotremata
- No teats
- No vibrissae
- males have horny spurs on ankles
In the Order Monotremata, How do young suckle milk?
Mother sweats milk, young sucks milk off the fur
What kinds of animals are in the Order Monotremata?
- Duck-billed Platypus
- Spiny Echidna
Where do the Order Marsupials live?
Australia
What is unique about the Order Marsupial gestation and the way the embryos develop?
- Short gestation
- young born underdeveloped
- develop in the marsupium (pouch)
What is a marsupium?
fur lined pouch
What are the characteristics of the Opossum?
- robust immune system
- larger number of teeth
What kinds of animals are in the Order Marsupials?
- Koala
- Kangaroo
- Wallaby
- Wombat
- Opossum
What does it mean to be a placental mammal?
- The young develop in the placenta and are a live birth
- viviparous
How are the Order Soricomorpha different than rodents?
Sharp-pointy teeth unlike rodents
What does fossorial mean?
spends most of it’s life underground
How are moles adapted for digging?
powerful front limbs
What kinds of animals are in the Order Soricomorpha?
- Shrews
- Moles
How is the body of a bat adapted for flight?
- keeled sternum
- hollow bones
Describe the arm of a bat/hand/wing structure of a bat
hand is formed into wings w/ double membrane of skin stretching between fingers and extending to forearm
What is echolocation in bats?
they emit sound waves that bounce back to sense prey
Why are bats beneficial?
- insect control
- pollinators
Describe the teeth of lagomorphs?
- 4 upper incisors, 2 behind the incisors
- 2 lower incisors
- no canine teeth
- grow throughout life
What are the characteristics of a rabbit?
- altricial young
- burrow underground
What are the characteristics of a hare?
- precocial young
- make nest on ground
What kinds of animals are in the Order Lagomorpha?
- rabbits
- pikas
- hares
Describe the teeth of rodents
- 2 upper
- 2 lower
- grow throughout life
How are rodents similar and different to lagomorphs?
- rodents are herbivores like lagomorphs
- rodents have two incisor teeth, lagomorphs have 4
What are the characteristics of the Squirrel family?
- bushy tails covered in fur
- diurnal (day time)
- herbivores
What are the characteristics of the Gopher family?
- cheek pouches
- incisors always exposed
- large front claws
- fossorial: burrowing
What are the characteristics of the kangaroo rat family?
- fur lined cheek pouches
- strong hind legs
- weak incisors
- long tails
- fossorial: borrowers
What are the characteristics of the beaver family?
- aquatic
- paddle shaped tail
- largest California rodent
What are the characteristics of the porcupine family?
- heavy body
- short legs
- slow moving
- quills
- nocturnal
- feed on bark
What are the characteristics of the New world mice/rats?
- native
- soft fur-lined tails
- ventral surface lighter than dorsal surface
What are the characteristics of the Old world mice/rats?
- naked scaly tails
- one color
- non-native
What kinds of animals are in the squirrel family?
- Gray squirrel
- Antelope ground squirrel
- Yellow bellied marmot
- Woodchuck
What kinds of animals are in the gopher family?
- Pocket Gopher
What kinds of animals are in the Kangaroo rat family?
- Kangaroo rat
What kinds of animals are in the beaver family?
- North American Beaver
What kinds of animals are in the porcupine family?
- Porcupine
What kinds of animals are in the New world mice/rats family?
- Muskrat
- Woodrat
- Deer mouse
What kinds of animals are in the Old world mice/rats family?
- House mouse
- Black rat
- Norway rat
Why do we say Cetacea animals are strictly aquatic?
- Don’t need land
- Give birth, eat, mate in the ocean
How are Cetacea bodies modified for life in the sea?
- Fusiform
- hairless
- flippers
- blubber
Describe the functions of blubber.
Insulation
Compare the characteristics of toothed whales
- one blow hole
- echolocation (sonar)
- homodant teeth
Compare the characteristics of baleen whales
- no teeth, baleen instead
- two blow holes
- filter feed
- larger than toothed whales
What kinds of animals are in the Order Cetacea?
- Dolphins
- Porpoises
- Orca
- Sperm Whales
- Humpback Whale
- Gray Whale
- Blue Whale
What are the defining characteristics of the Order Carnivora?
- wide variety of diets
- a lot of hair
- curved claws
- long canine teeth
- prominent teeth
Describe the characteristics of the Dog family?
- non-retractable claws
- digitigrade
- long bushy tails
- pointed muzzles
Describe the characteristics of the Bear Family?
- Largest carnivore
- walk plantigrade
- omnivores
Describe the characteristics of the Ringtail family?
- plantigrade walk
- rings on tails
- color on face
- omnivores
Describe the characteristics of the Weasel family?
- well-developed musk glands
- slender long bodies
- short legs
- furred tails
Describe the characteristics of the Cat family
- Short muzzles
- digitigrade walk
- retractable claws