Mammals Part 1 Flashcards by Natalie Donis

Explain the three characteristics that make the Order Monotremata “reptilianlike.”

Cloaca
Locomotion
Oviparous

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Explain/describe the other characteristics of the order Monotremata

No teats
No vibrissae
males have horny spurs on ankles

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In the Order Monotremata, How do young suckle milk?

Mother sweats milk, young sucks milk off the fur

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What kinds of animals are in the Order Monotremata?

Duck-billed Platypus
Spiny Echidna

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Where do the Order Marsupials live?

Australia

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What is unique about the Order Marsupial gestation and the way the embryos develop?

Short gestation
young born underdeveloped
develop in the marsupium (pouch)

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What is a marsupium?

fur lined pouch

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What are the characteristics of the Opossum?

robust immune system
larger number of teeth

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What kinds of animals are in the Order Marsupials?

Koala
Kangaroo
Wallaby
Wombat
Opossum

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What does it mean to be a placental mammal?

The young develop in the placenta and are a live birth
viviparous

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How are the Order Soricomorpha different than rodents?

Sharp-pointy teeth unlike rodents

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What does fossorial mean?

spends most of it’s life underground

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How are moles adapted for digging?

powerful front limbs

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What kinds of animals are in the Order Soricomorpha?

Shrews
Moles

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How is the body of a bat adapted for flight?

keeled sternum
hollow bones

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Describe the arm of a bat/hand/wing structure of a bat

hand is formed into wings w/ double membrane of skin stretching between fingers and extending to forearm

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What is echolocation in bats?

they emit sound waves that bounce back to sense prey

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Why are bats beneficial?

insect control
pollinators

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Describe the teeth of lagomorphs?

4 upper incisors, 2 behind the incisors
2 lower incisors
no canine teeth
grow throughout life

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What are the characteristics of a rabbit?

altricial young
burrow underground

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What are the characteristics of a hare?

precocial young
make nest on ground

What kinds of animals are in the Order Lagomorpha?

rabbits
pikas
hares

Describe the teeth of rodents

2 upper
2 lower
grow throughout life

How are rodents similar and different to lagomorphs?

rodents are herbivores like lagomorphs
rodents have two incisor teeth, lagomorphs have 4

What are the characteristics of the Squirrel family?

* bushy tails covered in fur * diurnal (day time) * herbivores

What are the characteristics of the Gopher family?

* cheek pouches * incisors always exposed * large front claws * fossorial: burrowing

What are the characteristics of the kangaroo rat family?

* fur lined cheek pouches * strong hind legs * weak incisors * long tails * fossorial: borrowers

What are the characteristics of the beaver family?

* aquatic * paddle shaped tail * largest California rodent

What are the characteristics of the porcupine family?

* heavy body * short legs * slow moving * quills * nocturnal * feed on bark

What are the characteristics of the New world mice/rats?

* native * soft fur-lined tails * ventral surface lighter than dorsal surface

What are the characteristics of the Old world mice/rats?

* naked scaly tails * one color * non-native

What kinds of animals are in the squirrel family?

* Gray squirrel * Antelope ground squirrel * Yellow bellied marmot * Woodchuck

What kinds of animals are in the gopher family?

* Pocket Gopher

What kinds of animals are in the Kangaroo rat family?

* Kangaroo rat

What kinds of animals are in the beaver family?

* North American Beaver

What kinds of animals are in the porcupine family?

* Porcupine

What kinds of animals are in the New world mice/rats family?

* Muskrat * Woodrat * Deer mouse

What kinds of animals are in the Old world mice/rats family?

* House mouse * Black rat * Norway rat

Why do we say Cetacea animals are strictly aquatic?

* Don't need land * Give birth, eat, mate in the ocean

How are Cetacea bodies modified for life in the sea?

* Fusiform * hairless * flippers * blubber

Describe the functions of blubber.

Insulation

Compare the characteristics of toothed whales

* one blow hole * echolocation (sonar) * homodant teeth

Compare the characteristics of baleen whales

* no teeth, baleen instead * two blow holes * filter feed * larger than toothed whales

What kinds of animals are in the Order Cetacea?

* Dolphins * Porpoises * Orca * Sperm Whales * Humpback Whale * Gray Whale * Blue Whale

What are the defining characteristics of the Order Carnivora?

* wide variety of diets * a lot of hair * curved claws * long canine teeth * prominent teeth

Describe the characteristics of the Dog family?

* non-retractable claws * digitigrade * long bushy tails * pointed muzzles

Describe the characteristics of the Bear Family?

* Largest carnivore * walk plantigrade * omnivores

Describe the characteristics of the Ringtail family?

* plantigrade walk * rings on tails * color on face * omnivores

Describe the characteristics of the Weasel family?

* well-developed musk glands * slender long bodies * short legs * furred tails

Describe the characteristics of the Cat family

* Short muzzles * digitigrade walk * retractable claws