Characteristics of Life, The Cell, & Classifying Organisms Flashcards
1
Q
What is the scientific study of life?
A
Biology
2
Q
What are the characteristics of life?
A
Cells. DNA. Response to the environment. Nutrition. Metabolism. Growth. Reproduction.
3
Q
What are all living things made of?
A
Cells
4
Q
What contains molecules of DNA?
A
Cells
5
Q
Cells contain molecules of what?
A
DNA
6
Q
What characterizes all living things sense their environment and respond accordingly?
A
Response to the environment
7
Q
What characteristic is it where organisms take in nutrition, digest it, absorb what is needed and eliminate the waste?
A
Nutrition
8
Q
What is life’s vital processes?
A
Metabolism
9
Q
What is the chemical reaction that keeps all animals alive?
A
metabolism
10
Q
What characteristic starts all organisms as a single cell?
A
Growth
11
Q
What is the passing of genes from parent to offspring?
A
Reproduction
12
Q
What is unicellular?
A
Single-celled
13
Q
What is single-celled?
A
Unicellular organisms
14
Q
What organisms are microscopic?
A
unicellular organisms
15
Q
All of life’s processes must be accomplished by….
A
one cell
16
Q
What are multicellular organisms?
A
made of many cells
17
Q
What are made of many cells?
A
multicellular organisms
18
Q
What type of organisms are large enough to see without a microscope?
A
multicellular organisms
19
Q
which individual cells can specialize in various processes?
A
Multicellular organisms
20
Q
What is the function of DNA?
A
store information that cells use to build protein
21
Q
What stores information that cells use to build proteins which result in structures and characteristics that are unique to each individual and each species?
A
DNA
22
Q
What is a gene?
A
information in DNA that is divided into sections
23
Q
What is the information in DNA that is divided into sections?
A
Gene
24
Q
What stores information for one protein?
A
one gene
25
What is gene mutation?
When the information in a gene becomes altered.
26
What may result in a new/different protein and thus, a new/different characteristic?
A gene mutation
27
What determines if a gene is good or bad and which to keep in population and which to discard?
Natural Selection
28
With the beneficial mutations accumulating in a population and the population adapting is how what works?
evolution
29
What do autotrophs do?
manufacture their own food
30
What manufactures their own food?
Autotrophs
31
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that get their food/nutrition from other sources
32
Give me an example of autotrophs?
Plants
33
Give me an example of Heterotrophs?
Animals
34
What's life's vital processes?
metabolism
35
What's the chemical reaction that keeps an organism alive?
metabolism
36
What involves photosynthesis and respiration?
metabolism
37
What is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into organic compound(food) and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
38
Plants, algae and some bacteria are able to do what?
Photosynthesis
39
What type of organisms can photosynthesize?
Autotrophic organism
40
What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O -\> CHO(food) + O2
41
CO2 + H2O -\> CHO(food) + O2 is which chemical reaction?
Photosynthesis
42
What is needed to drive photosynthesis/
Sun energy
43
What is respiration?
Conversion of organic compounds(food) into energy
44
What is the conversion of organic compounds(food) into energy?
Respiration
45
What do plants, algae, some bacteria and animals do in metabolism?
Respiration
46
What kind of organism are in respiration?
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic organisms
47
What is the chemical equation of respiration?
CHO(food) + O2 -\> CO2 + H2O + energy
48
What equation is CHO(food) + O2 -\> CO2 + H2O + energy?
Respiration
49
What needs food and oxygen as a starting product?
respiration
50
What needs to get energy out as end product?
respiration
51
Carbon dioxide and water are end products of what?
respiration
52
What is asexual reproduction?
Involving one parent
53
What reproduction is where offspring are genetic clones because all genes come from that one parents?
Asexual reproduction
54
What is sexual reproduction?
Involving two parents
55
What reproduction has a mixture of two parents?
Sexual reproduction
56
What is a Gamete?
A special reproductive cell
57
what is a special reproductive cell?
A gamete
58
What is a sperm?
contains a copy of all the male's genes
59
What contains a copy of all the male's genes?
sperm
60
What is an egg?
contains a copy of all the female genes?
61
What contains a copy of all the female genes?
An egg
62
What is a zygote?
An egg that has been fertilized
63
What is an egg that has been fertilized?
a zygote
64
What is external fertilization?
Takes place outside the body, like frogs
65
What is internal fertilization?
takes place inside the body
66
What is cell theory part 1?
All living things are made of one or more cells.
67
what is cell theory part 2?
All cells come from pre-existing living cells
68
What are the levels of biological organization?
Cells. Tissue. Organs. Organ systems.
69
In levels of biological organization cells are what?
Cells combine to make tissue
70
In levels of biological organization what are tissue?
Tissue combine to make organs
71
In levels of biological organization what are organs?
Organs combine to make organ systems
72
In levels of biological organization what are organ systems?
Organ systems combine to make organisms.
73
What combines to make tissue?
Cells
74
What combines to make organs?
Tissue
75
What combines to make organ systems?
Organs
76
What combines to make organisms?
Organ systems
77
What type of cell is smaller?
Prokaryotic
78
What type of cell is less complex?
Prokaryotic
79
What cell has no nucleus?
Prokaryotic
80
Bacteria is what kind of cell?
Prokaryotic
81
What type of cell is larger?
Eukaryotic
82
What kind of cell is more complex?
Eukaryotic
83
What kind of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
84
What kind of cells are plants and animals?
Eukaryotic
85
What is taxonomy?
science of identifying, classifying and naming organisms
86
What is science of identifying, classifying and naming organisms?
Taxonomy
87
What are the taxonomic categories?
Domain. Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species.
88
Which Domains are unicelllular?
Domain Bacteria. Domain Archaea.
89
Which Domain is unicellular or multicellular?
Domain Eukarya
90
What kind of cell is Domain Bacteria?
Prokaryotic
91
What kind of cell is Domain Archaea?
Prokaryotic
92
What kind of cell is Domain Eukarya?
Eukaryotic
93
True or False? Is Domain Archaea genetically different from Domain Bacteria?
True
94
What kingdoms are in Domain Eukarya?
Plant, Animal, Protista and Fungi kingdoms
95
What are the rules of writing a scientific name?
1. Capitalize the genus part
2. Don't capitalize the species name
3. Italicized entire name
96
What is a scientific name?
First part is the genus, second part identifies the species within that genus
97
What are common names?
They are not standardized. Vary from region to region
98
What is a group of organisms that interbreed under natural conditions and produce fetile offspring?
Biological species
99
This membrane acts as a barrier between contents of the cell and its external environment. This membrane also controls what comes into the cell and what leaves the cell. What is it?
The Plasma or Cell Membrane
100
It contains the DNA. The nucleus membrane surrounds it and acts as a barrier between the nuclear contents and the rest of the cell. It also regulates the flow of material into and out of it. What is it?
Nucleus
101
The internal contents of the cell except the nucleus. Where metabolism of the cell takes place. Includes many small structures that perform specialized functions in the cell. What is it?
Cytoplasm
102
To early biologists, these small structures looked like little organs within the cells, this they are called what?
Organelles
103
What carries out respiration and are found in both plant and animal cells?
Mitochondrion
104
These organelles carry out photosynthesis. They are found in plant cells and other photosynthetic organisms. what are they?
Chloroplasts
105
Is found only in plants cells. It is made of a material called cellulose and supports and protects the plant cell. What is it?
Cell Wall
106
Is found only in plant cells. It stores water, nutrients and other plant chemicals, It helps the plant cell to remain ridged. What is it?
Vacuole
107
Prokaryotic cells are part of which domain?
Bacteria & Archaea
108
What domain are autotrophs and heterotrophs from?
Domain Eukarya
109
What type of cell is this?
Animal cell
110
What type of cell is this?
Plant cell
111
What is number 1?
Mitochondrion. Carries out respiration
112
what is number 2?
Nucleus. Control center. Contains DNA.
113
What is number 3?
Plasma Membrane. The barrier between the contents of the cell and its external environment. Also controls what comes and what goes out.
114
What is number 4? and what is it's function?
Cytoplasm. Where metabolism takes place
115
What cell is this?
Eukaryotic Cell
116
Where is the ribosomes?
#5
117
Where is the cytoplasm?
#2
118
Where is the nucleus?
#4
119
Where is the Plasma Membrane?
#1
120
Where is the DNA?
#3
121
What type of cell is this?
Prokaryotic Cell
122
Where is the DNA?
#3
123
Where is ribosomes?
#5
124
Where is the plasma membrane?
#1
125
Where is the cytoplasm?
#2
126
Where is the nucleoid region?
#4
127
What is #1?
Mitochondrion. Carries out respiration
128
What is #2?
Chloroplast. Carry out photosynthesis
129
What is #3?
Plasma membrane. barrier between cell and outside environment. Also what goes in and out.
130
What is #4?
Nucleus. DNA
131
What is #5?
Cell wall. only found in plants. made of cellulose.
132
What is #6?
Vacuole. found only in plants. stores water, nutrients and chemicals. helps remain rigid
133
what is #7?
cytoplasm. metabolism takes place.
