Invertebrates #1 Flashcards
List the characteristics of animals
1.Heterotrophs by ingestion 2.Multicellular 3.Aerobic 4.Motile 5.Reproduces sexually or asexually.
Explain Heterotrophs by ingestion in animals
Animals eat food by taking it into their bodies
Explain multicellular in animals
All animals are multicellular. Animal cells are all eukaryotic and lack a cell
wall
Explain Aerobic in animals
Oxygen is needed for respiration. Oxygen is taken by gills, lungs, skin surfaces or combination
Explain motile in animals
All animals are capable of movement at some point in their lives either as an embryo,
a larva, or as an adult.
Explain sexual reproduction in animals
- Some reproduce only sexually like human
- Some asexually
- Some either depending on situation
What does phylum porifera mean?
“pore bearing” animals
What major characteristics do phylum porifera they have?
-
Primitive
• Filter feed
• calcareous or siliceous
spicules
• Some have spongy spongin instead of spicules
• Sessile
• asymmetrical
What does asymmetrical mean?
no body symmetry
Sponges are in what type of water?
marine, one freshwater
What type of body structure do phylum porifera have?
many incurrent pores leading to internal cavities and fewer excurrent pores
What do incurrent pores do in phylum porifera?
Water brings oxygen and food
What do excurrent pores do?
carries out waste
The interior body cavities of phylum porifera are lined with special cells called?
collar cells
What have a flagellum and a collar for filtering out food?
collar cells
The body of a sponge can be…
rigid, spiny, velvety or spongy
What phylum has microscopic spicules imbedded in their body walls?
phylum porifera
The spicules in phylum porifera can be made of what two materials?
calcareous or siliceous
Calcareous is made of what?
calcium carbonate
What is siliceous made of?
silica
Some sponges lack spicules and instead have a “spongy” fibrous skeleton made of what?
spongin
Define sessile
permanently cemented to the sea floor
What are two main growth forms of phylum porifera?
erect and encrusting
Name this
siliceous spicules
Name this
Siliceous spicules
Name this
spongin
Name this
calcareous
How do erect marine sponges feel?
spongy/velvety
how do encrusting marine sponges grow?
flat on rocks
How do sponges feed?
filter feed
What animals are in phylum cnidaria?
Anemones and jellies
Characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria (anemones and jellies)
- Radial Symmetry
- Feeding tentacles with nematocysts surround the mouth
- Gelatinous bodies
- Polyp or medusa body form
What does radial symmetry mean?
body parts radiate out from central body
Do radial symmetry animals have a right or a left?
no
what has an oral surface and aboral surface?
radial animals
what does oral mean?
mouth
what does aboral mean?
opposite mouth
What two body forms do cnidarian animals have?
polyp or medusa
if the mouth with the tentacles of a cnidaria is facing up what is it called?
polyp
if the mouth with the tentacles of a cnidaria is facing down what type of body form is it?
medusa
the tentacles have stinging cells called?
cnidocytes
what form is this?
polyp
what form is this?
medusa
What is this part?
tentacle
what is number 1?
nematocyst
what is number 2?
cnidocyte
Each cnidocyte has a harpoon-like stinger called a?
nematocyst
Why do cnidarians use these stinging cells?
to immobilize spray
What phylum is class scyphozoa?
Cnidaria
What animal is in the class scyphozoa?
the jellies
What body forms are the jellies in Class Scyphozoa?
bell shaped bodies, medusa form
In which phylum is class anthozoa?
phylum cnidaria
What kind of animals are in class anthozoa?
Anemones, corals, & Gorgons
What type of body form do class anthozoa have?
polyp body form
Can anemones, corals and gorgons live individually or in colonies?
both
Which class alternate between a polyp and medusa body form?
Class Hydrozoa
What animals are in class hydrozoa?
By-the-wind sailor, Portuguese man-of-war, ostrich plume hydroid, and Obelia.
What phylum is class hydrozoa under?
phylum cnidaria
What characteristics are in Phylum Platyhelminthes?
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Flattened bodies with ventral cilia
- Free living flatworms
- Parasitic forms
What animals are in the Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES?
flatworms
What symmetry do Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms) have?
bilateral symmetry
what is bilateral symmetry?
two sides/two sided
Do gorgons secrete calcium carbonate like corals?
no
what are similar to corals in that they are a colony of polyps?
Sea fans and sea whips
How do by-the-wind sailor swim?
floats on the ocean surface and relies on the wind to move
What animal catches the wind with its “sail” while extending feeding tentacles down into the water to try to catch food?
By-the-wind-sailor
What has a right and left side, and a dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) surface, anterior and posterior?
bilateral animals
How do Phylum Platyhelminthes flatworms move?
crawling over surfaces using their ventral(belly) cilia
What free-living animals are in phylum Platyhelminthes?
free-living flatworm
What kind of parasitic animals are in the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
Parasitic flukes and parasitic tapeworms
What characteristics are in Phylum Nematoda?
- Bilateral
- Spindle shaped bodies
- Round
- Free living/parasitic
What does it mean if an animal is free-living?
they are not parasites
What have a protective cuticle over their body to protect themselves from being digested by the host?
parasites
What type of animals are in Phylum Nematoda?
roundworms, nematode worms
What type of body support do phylum nematoda roundworms have?
Hydrostatic skeleton
What does hydrostatic mean?
water pressure
What have muscles that run down the length of their body. When they contract their muscles, their body is forced into a “C” shape. Because of this, they often thrash back and forth when they are held?
Phylum Nematoda
Where do Nematoda worms live?
in a variety of habitats including soil,
water
Are Nematoda worms parasites?
yes
What three classes are in Phylum Cnidaria?
Class Scyphozoa, Class Hydrozoa, Class Anthozoa
What are the three classes in the Phylum Annelida?
Class Polychaete, Class Earthworm, Class Leeches
What are the major characteristics of Phylum Annelida?
- Bilaterally symmetrical worms
- Distinct, noticeable segmentation
What kind of body symmetry do animals in Phylum Annelida have?
bilateral symmetry
How long are free living marine flatworms?
1-inch
What is segmentation?
division into separate parts or sections
What are the characteristics of the class Polychaete?
- Marine segmented worm
- a pair of parapodia on each segment and setae
What are parapodia?
appendages used for walking and respiration.
What are setae?
bristles that act like soccer cleats
What class roam free on the sea floor looking for food and others build a tube in which to live?
Class Polychaete
Which worms These worms are hunters, using their strong pincer-like jaws to capture other invertebrates?
Polychaete Worm
What worms are in Phylum Annelida?
Polychaete Worm and Tube worm
What are the tubes of a tube worm made of?
shells, sand, mucus, calcium carbonate
How do tube worm feed?
filter feed
How do tube worm filter feed?
using tentacles out of the top of their tube home.
What are the tube worms feathery feeding tentacles also used for?
respiration
What Phylum are Class Earthworms?
Phylum Annelida
What are the characteristics of the Class Earthworms?
segmented without parapodia
Where do earthworms live?
soil
Do earthworms have setae?
yes
Why are earthworms beneficial?
their burrowing and feeding adds oxygen to the soil and
recycles nutrients.
How do earthworms reproduce?
sexual reproduction with two worms
What are the characteristics of leeches?
They have no setae or parapodia.
How do leeches feed?
They feed on the blood of fish, frogs, lizards, mammals
What are the 4 main features that are seen in Phylum Mollusca?
- Soft un-segmented body.
- a shell made of calcium carbonate (in some).
- Ventral muscular foot for locomotion
- Many, but not all, have a radula for feeding.
What are the 4 classes in Phylum Mollusca?
- Class Polyplacophora
- Class Gastropoda
- Class Bivalves
- Class Cephalopoda
What are the characteristics of Class Polyplacophora?
- 8 dorsal valves (shells) surrounded by a girdle and strong muscular foot.
- Use radula to scrape algae.
- small head w/ tiny tentacles & a sedentary life
What animals are in Class Polyplacophora?
Chitons
Describe the characteristics of Class Gastropoda.
- Single shell or no shell
- Use radula as herbivores or carnivores
What animals are in Class Gastropoda?
Snails and Slugs
What are the characteristics of Class Bivalves?
• Two shells
• Foot for digging/moving
• No radula
• Use siphon to circulate water for oxygen
and filter feeding
Periwinkles are what Class and Phylum?
Class Gastropoda, Phylum Mollusca
What Gastropoda are marine herbivores that live along our coast in rocky
intertidal habitats? They are very small and often cluster
together to conserve moisture at low tide.
Periwinkles
What Phylum and Class are Limpets?
Phylum Mollusca and Class Gastropoda
What phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are also
marine herbivores that live along our coast in rocky
intertidal habitats? Their shell is like a flat cone with no
coils and they attach firmly to rocks to conserve
moisture at low tide and to prevent being washed
away by waves.
Limpets
What Phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are marine
herbivores, that use their radula to feed on a variety of seaweeds?
Their shell is bowl-shaped with holes along one side for
circulating water to the gills, removing waste, and releasing
gametes.
Abalone
What phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are
marine herbivores that lack an external shell? They
do, however have a soft inner shell. They feed on
seaweed and can often be seen in shallow coastal
water.
Sea Hare
What Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda are slow moving and can
protect themselves by releasing ink into the water, which can confuse a predator?
Sea Hare
Which phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda) are marine
predators, that feed on sponges, hydroids, and other marine
invertebrates?
Nudibranches
What Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda do not have a shell, and their gills are
exposed on their dorsal surface?
Nudibranches
What does the name “Nudibranch” mean?
Naked gills
Which terrestrial Gastropod prefer cool moist areas
and are considered garden pests because they feed on
vegetation?
Garden Slugs and Garden Snail
What Gastropod lives on moist forest floors of the
Coast Ranges geomorphic province.
Banana slug
Which common Bivalve attaches to rocks with strong hair-like threads called byssal threads?
California Mussels
What do Bivalves open and close their shells with?
adductor muscles and open them with the hinge ligament
What do Bivalves use their siphon for?
to bring water to gills for filter feeding and respiration
Which Bivalve burrow just under the sand where they filter feed by drawing water into their shells with their siphon and stay where the waves are washing up and down the beach?
Bean Clam
What animal is this? Class and Phylum?
Razor Clam, Class Bivalve, Phylum Mollusca
What bivalve are a food item for fishes and birds, so their small empty shells are commonly seen washed up onto the beach? Their shells come in a variety of colors and are about the size and shape of a bean.
Bean clam
What bivalve burrows up to 12 inches deep in the sand of California’s wavy sandy beaches?
Razor Clam
Describe characteristics of Class Cephalopoda
- Shell reduced or absent
- Highly developed head and eyes
- their foot is modified into arms and tentacles
- Siphon and radula
What Phylum and Class are Garden Slugs and Garden Snails?
Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda
What Phylum are Class Cephalopoda in?
Phylum Mollusca
What animals are in the Class Cephalopoda?
octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, nautiluses, and the ancient Ammonites.
What phylum Mollusca, class Cephalopoda) lives along the shallow waters of the California Coast?
Two-Spotted Octopus
What Cephalopoda has 8 arms with suckers on the underside of each. They feed on other mollusks and crustaceans using their beak-like mouth and
radula. For defense, they can change the color and texture of their
skin for camouflage and they can release ink into the water?
Two-Spotted Octopus
Which Cephalopod has 8 arms with suckers and 2 tentacles, which are longer than the arms and have suckers only on the ends?
Squid
What are the tentacles of a squid used for?
to manipulate food and for mating.
How squid feed and use for defense?
a beak-like mouth
a radula
can release ink for defense.
What animal is this? Class and Phylum?
Opalescent Squid. Class Cephalopoda and Phylum Mollusca
how many shells(valves) do chitons have?
8
What habitat do chitons live in?
intertidal zone, exposed rocks
What do nudibranchs eat?
encrusting bryozoans, sponges, dead organic matter, hydroids and anemones
What is the habitat of limpets?
intertidal zone, on rocks, coarse sand
what habitat would you visit if you wanted to see California Mussels?
hightide line, on rocks, pilings of exposed coast
How do mussels attach to rocks?
byssal threads
