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Invertebrates #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the characteristics of animals

A

1.Heterotrophs by ingestion 2.Multicellular 3.Aerobic 4.Motile 5.Reproduces sexually or asexually.

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2
Q

Explain Heterotrophs by ingestion in animals

A

Animals eat food by taking it into their bodies

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3
Q

Explain multicellular in animals

A

All animals are multicellular. Animal cells are all eukaryotic and lack a cell
wall

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4
Q

Explain Aerobic in animals

A

Oxygen is needed for respiration. Oxygen is taken by gills, lungs, skin surfaces or combination

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5
Q

Explain motile in animals

A

All animals are capable of movement at some point in their lives either as an embryo,
a larva, or as an adult.

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6
Q

Explain sexual reproduction in animals

A
  • Some reproduce only sexually like human
  • Some asexually
    • Some either depending on situation
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7
Q

What does phylum porifera mean?

A

“pore bearing” animals

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8
Q

What major characteristics do phylum porifera they have?

A
  • Primitive
    • Filter feed
    • calcareous or siliceous
    spicules
    • Some have spongy spongin instead of spicules
    • Sessile
    • asymmetrical
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9
Q

What does asymmetrical mean?

A

no body symmetry

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10
Q

Sponges are in what type of water?

A

marine, one freshwater

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11
Q

What type of body structure do phylum porifera have?

A

many incurrent pores leading to internal cavities and fewer excurrent pores

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12
Q

What do incurrent pores do in phylum porifera?

A

Water brings oxygen and food

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13
Q

What do excurrent pores do?

A

carries out waste

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14
Q

The interior body cavities of phylum porifera are lined with special cells called?

A

collar cells

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15
Q

What have a flagellum and a collar for filtering out food?

A

collar cells

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16
Q

The body of a sponge can be…

A

rigid, spiny, velvety or spongy

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17
Q

What phylum has microscopic spicules imbedded in their body walls?

A

phylum porifera

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18
Q

The spicules in phylum porifera can be made of what two materials?

A

calcareous or siliceous

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19
Q

Calcareous is made of what?

A

calcium carbonate

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20
Q

What is siliceous made of?

A

silica

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21
Q

Some sponges lack spicules and instead have a “spongy” fibrous skeleton made of what?

A

spongin

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22
Q

Define sessile

A

permanently cemented to the sea floor

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23
Q

What are two main growth forms of phylum porifera?

A

erect and encrusting

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24
Q

Name this

A

siliceous spicules

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25
Q

Name this

A

Siliceous spicules

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26
Q

Name this

A

spongin

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27
Q

Name this

A

calcareous

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28
Q

How do erect marine sponges feel?

A

spongy/velvety

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29
Q

how do encrusting marine sponges grow?

A

flat on rocks

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30
Q

How do sponges feed?

A

filter feed

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31
Q

What animals are in phylum cnidaria?

A

Anemones and jellies

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32
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria (anemones and jellies)

A
  • Radial Symmetry
  • Feeding tentacles with nematocysts surround the mouth
  • Gelatinous bodies
  • Polyp or medusa body form
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33
Q

What does radial symmetry mean?

A

body parts radiate out from central body

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34
Q

Do radial symmetry animals have a right or a left?

A

no

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35
Q

what has an oral surface and aboral surface?

A

radial animals

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36
Q

what does oral mean?

A

mouth

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37
Q

what does aboral mean?

A

opposite mouth

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38
Q

What two body forms do cnidarian animals have?

A

polyp or medusa

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39
Q

if the mouth with the tentacles of a cnidaria is facing up what is it called?

A

polyp

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40
Q

if the mouth with the tentacles of a cnidaria is facing down what type of body form is it?

A

medusa

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41
Q

the tentacles have stinging cells called?

A

cnidocytes

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42
Q

what form is this?

A

polyp

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43
Q

what form is this?

A

medusa

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44
Q

What is this part?

A

tentacle

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45
Q

what is number 1?

A

nematocyst

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46
Q

what is number 2?

A

cnidocyte

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47
Q

Each cnidocyte has a harpoon-like stinger called a?

A

nematocyst

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48
Q

Why do cnidarians use these stinging cells?

A

to immobilize spray

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49
Q

What phylum is class scyphozoa?

A

Cnidaria

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50
Q

What animal is in the class scyphozoa?

A

the jellies

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51
Q

What body forms are the jellies in Class Scyphozoa?

A

bell shaped bodies, medusa form

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52
Q

In which phylum is class anthozoa?

A

phylum cnidaria

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53
Q

What kind of animals are in class anthozoa?

A

Anemones, corals, & Gorgons

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54
Q

What type of body form do class anthozoa have?

A

polyp body form

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55
Q

Can anemones, corals and gorgons live individually or in colonies?

A

both

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56
Q

Which class alternate between a polyp and medusa body form?

A

Class Hydrozoa

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57
Q

What animals are in class hydrozoa?

A

By-the-wind sailor, Portuguese man-of-war, ostrich plume hydroid, and Obelia.

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58
Q

What phylum is class hydrozoa under?

A

phylum cnidaria

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59
Q

What characteristics are in Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • Bilateral Symmetry
  • Flattened bodies with ventral cilia
  • Free living flatworms
  • Parasitic forms
60
Q

What animals are in the Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES?

A

flatworms

61
Q

What symmetry do Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms) have?

A

bilateral symmetry

62
Q

what is bilateral symmetry?

A

two sides/two sided

63
Q

Do gorgons secrete calcium carbonate like corals?

A

no

64
Q

what are similar to corals in that they are a colony of polyps?

A

Sea fans and sea whips

65
Q

How do by-the-wind sailor swim?

A

floats on the ocean surface and relies on the wind to move

66
Q

What animal catches the wind with its “sail” while extending feeding tentacles down into the water to try to catch food?

A

By-the-wind-sailor

67
Q

What has a right and left side, and a dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) surface, anterior and posterior?

A

bilateral animals

68
Q

How do Phylum Platyhelminthes flatworms move?

A

crawling over surfaces using their ventral(belly) cilia

69
Q

What free-living animals are in phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

free-living flatworm

70
Q

What kind of parasitic animals are in the Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Parasitic flukes and parasitic tapeworms

71
Q

What characteristics are in Phylum Nematoda?

A
  • Bilateral
  • Spindle shaped bodies
  • Round
  • Free living/parasitic
72
Q

What does it mean if an animal is free-living?

A

they are not parasites

73
Q

What have a protective cuticle over their body to protect themselves from being digested by the host?

A

parasites

74
Q

What type of animals are in Phylum Nematoda?

A

roundworms, nematode worms

75
Q

What type of body support do phylum nematoda roundworms have?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

76
Q

What does hydrostatic mean?

A

water pressure

77
Q

What have muscles that run down the length of their body. When they contract their muscles, their body is forced into a “C” shape. Because of this, they often thrash back and forth when they are held?

A

Phylum Nematoda

78
Q

Where do Nematoda worms live?

A

in a variety of habitats including soil,
water

79
Q

Are Nematoda worms parasites?

A

yes

80
Q

What three classes are in Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Class Scyphozoa, Class Hydrozoa, Class Anthozoa

81
Q

What are the three classes in the Phylum Annelida?

A

Class Polychaete, Class Earthworm, Class Leeches

82
Q

What are the major characteristics of Phylum Annelida?

A
  • Bilaterally symmetrical worms
  • Distinct, noticeable segmentation
83
Q

What kind of body symmetry do animals in Phylum Annelida have?

A

bilateral symmetry

84
Q

How long are free living marine flatworms?

A

1-inch

85
Q

What is segmentation?

A

division into separate parts or sections

86
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Polychaete?

A
  • Marine segmented worm
  • a pair of parapodia on each segment and setae
87
Q

What are parapodia?

A

appendages used for walking and respiration.

88
Q

What are setae?

A

bristles that act like soccer cleats

89
Q

What class roam free on the sea floor looking for food and others build a tube in which to live?

A

Class Polychaete

90
Q

Which worms These worms are hunters, using their strong pincer-like jaws to capture other invertebrates?

A

Polychaete Worm

91
Q

What worms are in Phylum Annelida?

A

Polychaete Worm and Tube worm

92
Q

What are the tubes of a tube worm made of?

A

shells, sand, mucus, calcium carbonate

93
Q

How do tube worm feed?

A

filter feed

94
Q

How do tube worm filter feed?

A

using tentacles out of the top of their tube home.

95
Q

What are the tube worms feathery feeding tentacles also used for?

A

respiration

96
Q

What Phylum are Class Earthworms?

A

Phylum Annelida

97
Q

What are the characteristics of the Class Earthworms?

A

segmented without parapodia

98
Q

Where do earthworms live?

A

soil

99
Q

Do earthworms have setae?

A

yes

100
Q

Why are earthworms beneficial?

A

their burrowing and feeding adds oxygen to the soil and
recycles nutrients.

101
Q

How do earthworms reproduce?

A

sexual reproduction with two worms

102
Q

What are the characteristics of leeches?

A

They have no setae or parapodia.

103
Q

How do leeches feed?

A

They feed on the blood of fish, frogs, lizards, mammals

104
Q

What are the 4 main features that are seen in Phylum Mollusca?

A
  1. Soft un-segmented body.
  2. a shell made of calcium carbonate (in some).
  3. Ventral muscular foot for locomotion
  4. Many, but not all, have a radula for feeding.
105
Q

What are the 4 classes in Phylum Mollusca?

A
  1. Class Polyplacophora
  2. Class Gastropoda
  3. Class Bivalves
  4. Class Cephalopoda
106
Q

What are the characteristics of Class Polyplacophora?

A
  1. 8 dorsal valves (shells) surrounded by a girdle and strong muscular foot.
  2. Use radula to scrape algae.
  3. small head w/ tiny tentacles & a sedentary life
107
Q

What animals are in Class Polyplacophora?

A

Chitons

108
Q

Describe the characteristics of Class Gastropoda.

A
  • Single shell or no shell
  • Use radula as herbivores or carnivores
109
Q

What animals are in Class Gastropoda?

A

Snails and Slugs

110
Q

What are the characteristics of Class Bivalves?

A

• Two shells
• Foot for digging/moving
• No radula
• Use siphon to circulate water for oxygen
and filter feeding

111
Q

Periwinkles are what Class and Phylum?

A

Class Gastropoda, Phylum Mollusca

112
Q

What Gastropoda are marine herbivores that live along our coast in rocky
intertidal habitats? They are very small and often cluster
together to conserve moisture at low tide.

A

Periwinkles

113
Q

What Phylum and Class are Limpets?

A

Phylum Mollusca and Class Gastropoda

114
Q

What phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are also
marine herbivores that live along our coast in rocky
intertidal habitats? Their shell is like a flat cone with no
coils and they attach firmly to rocks to conserve
moisture at low tide and to prevent being washed
away by waves.

A

Limpets

115
Q

What Phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are marine
herbivores, that use their radula to feed on a variety of seaweeds?
Their shell is bowl-shaped with holes along one side for
circulating water to the gills, removing waste, and releasing
gametes.

A

Abalone

116
Q

What phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda are
marine herbivores that lack an external shell? They
do, however have a soft inner shell. They feed on
seaweed and can often be seen in shallow coastal
water.

A

Sea Hare

117
Q

What Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda are slow moving and can
protect themselves by releasing ink into the water, which can confuse a predator?

A

Sea Hare

118
Q

Which phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda) are marine
predators, that feed on sponges, hydroids, and other marine
invertebrates?

A

Nudibranches

119
Q

What Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda do not have a shell, and their gills are
exposed on their dorsal surface?

A

Nudibranches

120
Q

What does the name “Nudibranch” mean?

A

Naked gills

121
Q

Which terrestrial Gastropod prefer cool moist areas
and are considered garden pests because they feed on
vegetation?

A

Garden Slugs and Garden Snail

122
Q

What Gastropod lives on moist forest floors of the
Coast Ranges geomorphic province.

A

Banana slug

123
Q

Which common Bivalve attaches to rocks with strong hair-like threads called byssal threads?

A

California Mussels

124
Q

What do Bivalves open and close their shells with?

A

adductor muscles and open them with the hinge ligament

125
Q

What do Bivalves use their siphon for?

A

to bring water to gills for filter feeding and respiration

126
Q

Which Bivalve burrow just under the sand where they filter feed by drawing water into their shells with their siphon and stay where the waves are washing up and down the beach?

A

Bean Clam

127
Q

What animal is this? Class and Phylum?

A

Razor Clam, Class Bivalve, Phylum Mollusca

128
Q

What bivalve are a food item for fishes and birds, so their small empty shells are commonly seen washed up onto the beach? Their shells come in a variety of colors and are about the size and shape of a bean.

A

Bean clam

129
Q

What bivalve burrows up to 12 inches deep in the sand of California’s wavy sandy beaches?

A

Razor Clam

130
Q

Describe characteristics of Class Cephalopoda

A
  • Shell reduced or absent
  • Highly developed head and eyes
  • their foot is modified into arms and tentacles
  • Siphon and radula
131
Q

What Phylum and Class are Garden Slugs and Garden Snails?

A

Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda

132
Q

What Phylum are Class Cephalopoda in?

A

Phylum Mollusca

133
Q

What animals are in the Class Cephalopoda?

A

octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, nautiluses, and the ancient Ammonites.

134
Q 
What phylum Mollusca, class Cephalopoda) lives along 
the shallow waters of the California Coast?
A

Two-Spotted Octopus

135
Q

What Cephalopoda has 8 arms with suckers on the underside of each. They feed on other mollusks and crustaceans using their beak-like mouth and
radula. For defense, they can change the color and texture of their
skin for camouflage and they can release ink into the water?

A

Two-Spotted Octopus

136
Q

Which Cephalopod has 8 arms with suckers and 2 tentacles, which are longer than the arms and have suckers only on the ends?

A

Squid

137
Q

What are the tentacles of a squid used for?

A

to manipulate food and for mating.

138
Q

How squid feed and use for defense?

A

a beak-like mouth

a radula

can release ink for defense.

139
Q

What animal is this? Class and Phylum?

A

Opalescent Squid. Class Cephalopoda and Phylum Mollusca

140
Q

how many shells(valves) do chitons have?

A

8

141
Q

What habitat do chitons live in?

A

intertidal zone, exposed rocks

142
Q

What do nudibranchs eat?

A

encrusting bryozoans, sponges, dead organic matter, hydroids and anemones

143
Q

What is the habitat of limpets?

A

intertidal zone, on rocks, coarse sand

144
Q

what habitat would you visit if you wanted to see California Mussels?

A

hightide line, on rocks, pilings of exposed coast

145
Q

How do mussels attach to rocks?

A

byssal threads

Wildlife Biology (31 decks)

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