Amphibians Flashcards
Define Tetrapod
Four legged, lung breathing land vertebrates
What do Tetrapods breath with?
Most use their lungs, some keep their gills and some use their skin
What specific animals are Tetrapod’s?
Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, and Caecilians
What is the scientific study of amphibians and reptiles?`
Herpetology
What does it mean for an egg to be hydrophilic?
they have a gelatinuos layer of water absorbing material or will dry out on land
Describe amphibian metamorphosis.
- Juveniles must live in water
- then become land dwelling adults
Describe the characteristics of amphibian skin.
- The skin is water permeable
What does water permeable mean? What implication does this have in terms of drying out?
- means it isn’t water-tight
- amphibians quickly dry out if not in water
What about environmental toxins?
They easily absorb any chemicals in the water
What is the purpose of the coloration seen on Dendrobatidae frogs?
warning coloration. they can secrete toxins
What does it mean to be ectothermic?
they do not warm their bodies with their metabolism
What does it mean to be poikilothermic?
their body temperature varies with the environment
How does being ectothermic and poikilothermic affect their activity level?
this limits their distribution geographically and their activity level
How does being ectothermic and poikilothermic affect their worldwide distribution?
They tend to be restricted to warmer climates and some may hibernate in the winter. Most live by the equator
Describe the three ways that amphibians breathe?
- Most breath with their lungs
- some salamanders keep their gills after metamorphosis and continue to use them as adults
- Some amphibians use their skin surface to breath
What is the taxonomic order of frogs and toads?
- Order Amphibia
- Order Anura
Describe the head, eyes and mouth of frogs and toads
Large heads and eyes, and wide mouth with small teeth in the upper jaw,
Compare the similarities and differences between frogs and toads.
- Frogs: long hind legs, smooth wet skin, large webbed. Lay eggs in clusters.
- Toads: short hind legs, warty drier skin, and hind feet that are slightly webbed. Lay eggs in ribbons or strips
Describe the breeding behavior of frogs and toads
In breeding season, males return to water and make loud calls to attract a mate.
What does the male use his vocal sacs for?
to make loud calls
What is amplexus?
the male using his large thumbs, grasps the female to hang on and squeeze her body
Describe how eggs are fertilized in frogs and toads.
External fertilization. Female lays them, male fertilizes them.
Describe the life cycle and metamorphosis of frogs/toads.
Egg, larvae, adult
What changes take place in regards to gills, diet, legs, tails, etc in frogs and toads?
- Larva breathes with internal gills
- Eats plants and algae.
- Larva grows limbs
- Gills get replaced by lungs
- Tail is absorbed
- Larva switches to a carnivorous
What is the taxonomic order of salamanders?
Order Caudata
How are adult salamanders different from frogs in terms of their legs and tails?
They have four equal length limbs and have a tail with bone and cartilige
Describe how mating and fertilization is different in salamanders compared to frogs/toads.
Male lays sperm sac and the female picks it up with her vent or cloaca.
Describe 3 ways that salamander larvae differ from frog/toad larvae.
- Eggs hatch and become a larva.
- The larva breathes with gills, which are external
- carnivore from the beginning.
- The larva has limbs
Describe how caecilians are different from other amphibians.
- legless, burrowing in moist soil and wormlike
- tiny eyes and mouths
What is #1?
Nostril
What is #2?
Glottis
What is #3?
lung
What is #4?
lung
What is #1?
Internal Nostril
What is #2?
Maxillary Teeth
What is #3?
Eustachion tube opening
What is #4?
glottis
What is #5?
tongue
What is #6?
Vocal Sac opening
What is #7?
gullet opening
What is #8?
Vomerine teeth
What is #1?
Egg mass laid in water
what is #2?
gilled adult (neoteny)
what is #3?
Aquatic larvae
What is #4?
terrestrial adult
