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Wildlife Biology > Amphibians > Flashcards

Amphibians Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Define Tetrapod

A

Four legged, lung breathing land vertebrates

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2
Q

What do Tetrapods breath with?

A

Most use their lungs, some keep their gills and some use their skin

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3
Q

What specific animals are Tetrapod’s?

A

Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, and Caecilians

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4
Q

What is the scientific study of amphibians and reptiles?`

A

Herpetology

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5
Q

What does it mean for an egg to be hydrophilic?

A

they have a gelatinuos layer of water absorbing material or will dry out on land

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6
Q

Describe amphibian metamorphosis.

A
  • Juveniles must live in water
  • then become land dwelling adults
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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of amphibian skin.

A
  • The skin is water permeable
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8
Q

What does water permeable mean? What implication does this have in terms of drying out?

A
  • means it isn’t water-tight
  • amphibians quickly dry out if not in water
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9
Q

What about environmental toxins?

A

They easily absorb any chemicals in the water

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the coloration seen on Dendrobatidae frogs?

A

warning coloration. they can secrete toxins

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11
Q

What does it mean to be ectothermic?

A

they do not warm their bodies with their metabolism

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12
Q

What does it mean to be poikilothermic?

A

their body temperature varies with the environment

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13
Q

How does being ectothermic and poikilothermic affect their activity level?

A

this limits their distribution geographically and their activity level

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14
Q

How does being ectothermic and poikilothermic affect their worldwide distribution?

A

They tend to be restricted to warmer climates and some may hibernate in the winter. Most live by the equator

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15
Q

Describe the three ways that amphibians breathe?

A
  • Most breath with their lungs
  • some salamanders keep their gills after metamorphosis and continue to use them as adults
  • Some amphibians use their skin surface to breath
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16
Q

What is the taxonomic order of frogs and toads?

A
  • Order Amphibia
  • Order Anura
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17
Q

Describe the head, eyes and mouth of frogs and toads

A

Large heads and eyes, and wide mouth with small teeth in the upper jaw,

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18
Q

Compare the similarities and differences between frogs and toads.

A
  • Frogs: long hind legs, smooth wet skin, large webbed. Lay eggs in clusters.
  • Toads: short hind legs, warty drier skin, and hind feet that are slightly webbed. Lay eggs in ribbons or strips
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19
Q

Describe the breeding behavior of frogs and toads

A

In breeding season, males return to water and make loud calls to attract a mate.

20
Q

What does the male use his vocal sacs for?

A

to make loud calls

21
Q

What is amplexus?

A

the male using his large thumbs, grasps the female to hang on and squeeze her body

22
Q

Describe how eggs are fertilized in frogs and toads.

A

External fertilization. Female lays them, male fertilizes them.

23
Q

Describe the life cycle and metamorphosis of frogs/toads.

A

Egg, larvae, adult

24
Q

What changes take place in regards to gills, diet, legs, tails, etc in frogs and toads?

A
  1. Larva breathes with internal gills
  2. Eats plants and algae.
  3. Larva grows limbs
  4. Gills get replaced by lungs
  5. Tail is absorbed
  6. Larva switches to a carnivorous
25
Q

What is the taxonomic order of salamanders?

A

Order Caudata

26
Q

How are adult salamanders different from frogs in terms of their legs and tails?

A

They have four equal length limbs and have a tail with bone and cartilige

27
Q

Describe how mating and fertilization is different in salamanders compared to frogs/toads.

A

Male lays sperm sac and the female picks it up with her vent or cloaca.

28
Q

Describe 3 ways that salamander larvae differ from frog/toad larvae.

A
  • Eggs hatch and become a larva.
  • The larva breathes with gills, which are external
  • carnivore from the beginning.
  • The larva has limbs
29
Q

Describe how caecilians are different from other amphibians.

A
  • legless, burrowing in moist soil and wormlike
  • tiny eyes and mouths
30
Q

What is #1?

A

Nostril

31
Q

What is #2?

A

Glottis

32
Q

What is #3?

A

lung

33
Q

What is #4?

A

lung

34
Q

What is #1?

A

Internal Nostril

35
Q

What is #2?

A

Maxillary Teeth

36
Q

What is #3?

A

Eustachion tube opening

37
Q

What is #4?

A

glottis

38
Q

What is #5?

A

tongue

39
Q

What is #6?

A

Vocal Sac opening

40
Q

What is #7?

A

gullet opening

41
Q

What is #8?

A

Vomerine teeth

42
Q

What is #1?

A

Egg mass laid in water

43
Q

what is #2?

A

gilled adult (neoteny)

44
Q

what is #3?

A

Aquatic larvae

45
Q

What is #4?

A

terrestrial adult

Wildlife Biology (31 decks)

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