mammalian nervous system + human brain- animal responses

Question 1

what does the human nervous system consist of

Answer 1

-CNS, brain and spinal cord
-PNS, peripheral nervous system, all nerves in the body

Question 2

2 parts of nervous system

Answer 2

-somatic nervous system
-autonomic nervous system

Question 3

somatic NS

Answer 3

-required for voluntary control of body movements
-consists of sensory, motor and spinal nerves

Question 4

autonomic NS

Answer 4

-self controlling/ involuntary actions e.g heart rate
-can be divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) NS

Question 5

motor neurones

Answer 5

-carry impulses from CNS to muscle and glands

Question 6

sensory neurones

Answer 6

-carry impulses from sense organs to CNS

Question 7

role of sympathetic NS

Answer 7

-controls release of adrenaline=heart rate increases in fight or flight response

Question 8

5 main regions of the brain and location

Answer 8

-cerebrum (bubbly part hehe)
-hypothalamus (above pituitary gland)
-pituitary gland (small ball thing)
-cerebellum (in level w pituitary gland, weird complicated region)
-medulla oblongata (looks like the neck ahahha but not basically at bottom)

Question 9

role of cerebrum

Answer 9

-largest part 80% of brain
-carries out functions to do with vision, hearing speech, thinking, memory
-consists of five lobes
-has a thin outer layer consisting of grey matter=cerebral cortex
-beneath cerebral cortex = white matter consisting of myelinated neurones
-corpus callosum connecting sides of cerebrum

Question 10

cerebral cortex

Answer 10

-part of cerebrum
-consists of all cell bodies of neurones
-highly folded = high SA= greater number of neurones
-more neurones = brain can carry out more complex behaviours

Question 11

role of hypothalamus

Answer 11

-monitors blood flowing through it and releases hormones in response/ or stimulates pituitary gland to release hormones
-regulates body temp
-osmoregulation
-regulates digestive activity
-endocrine functions

Question 12

role of pituitary gland

Answer 12

-produces hormones
-divided into anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary
-anterior, produces and releases certain hormones
-posterior, stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus e.g oxytocin and ADH

Question 13

role of cerebellum

Answer 13

-controls motor co ordination e.g balance
-involuntary actions

Question 14

role of medulla oblongata

Answer 14

-contains 3 ‘centres’
-cardiac, controls heart rate
-vasomotor, controls blood pressure via contraction of arteriole walls
-respiratory, controls breathing rate