Classification

Question 1

Fossils provide strong evidence that organisms have evolved over time.
Describe other types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

Answer 1

(similarities / differences in) genes / genetics / DNA /
RNA / molecules / biochemistry ;
(similarities / differences in) nucleotide / base ,
sequence / order ;
(similarities / differences in) cytochrome c /
haemoglobin / ATP synthase / RNA polymerase;
(similarities / differences in) sequence / order , of
amino acids (in proteins) ;
idea that similarities between any of the above implies
(close) relationship

Question 2

Genes are important in the process of natural selection. Genes are made of DNA.
(i) State the role of a gene

Answer 2

code for (one or more) polypeptide(s)

Question 3

Explain how the structure of DNA allows replication

Answer 3

double stranded ;
each / both (strands) act as template ;
hydrogen bonds , easily , break / form , between
bases ;
complementary (specified) base , pairing / AW ;
purine (only able to) bind to pyrimidine ;
(due to) different sizes of purines and pyrimidines ;
hydrogen bonding different between A & T and C & G
or
3 H bonds between C & G and
2 H bonds between A & T

Question 4

State the name given to the evolution of a new species

Answer 4

speciation

Question 5

Suggest why a higher number of species have evolved in the Galapagos Islands,
compared with an area of the same size on the South American mainland

Answer 5

idea that different islands have different , selection

pressures / habitats / environments