Malignant Tumors of Bone Flashcards
What is the most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
What mutations are associated with osteosarcomas?
Tumor suppressor genes (Rb, p53)
Where is the general site of osteosarcomas?
Arise near the knee, in the lower femur and upper tibia/fibula
What is the radiologic finding associated with osteosarcoma?
Codman triangle (Shell of bone intersecting the cortex at one end and open at theother end)
Where does osteosarcoma metastasize?
To the lungs
What do the malignant cells in osteosarcoma stain for?
Alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin
What is the name of maligant tumor of cartilage?
Chondrosarcoma
What transcription factor is expressed in chondrosarcoma?
SOX9
What are the three anatomic variants of chondrosarcoma?
- Central
- Peripheral
- Juxtacortical
From where does central chondrosarcoma arise?
The medullary cavity of pelvic bones, ribs, and long bones
From where does peripheral condrosarcoma arise?
Arises outside the bone, almost always in the cartilaginous cap of an osteochondroma
From where do juxtacortical chondrosarcomas arise?
Metaphyses of long bones lying on the outer surface of the cortex
What genetic defect is associated chondrosarcoma?
Trisomy 7
To where do giant cell tumors typically metastasize?
They rarely metastasize
What is a giant cell tumor?
Benign locally aggressive neoplasm
