Anatomy Flashcards
What are the two types of bone?
- Cortical
- Medullary (Spongy, Trabecular, Coarse cancellous)
What are the three areas of the bone?
- Epiphysis - bone plate to growth plate
- Metaphysis - Growth plate to diaphysis
- Diaphysis - body/shaft of bone
What is endochondral ossification?
Bone replaces cartilage
What is intramembranous ossification?
Bone tissue supplants membranous/fibrous tissue laid down by the periosteum
What are the three types of marrow?
- Red - hematopoietic tissue
- Yellow - fat tissue
- Gray/white - Deficiency in hematoopoietic elements - always pathologic in nongrowing adult bone or areas distant from growth plate in a child
Describe the path and interaction b/w Haversian and Volksman canals
Haversian travel parallel to the long bone and Volksman travel perpendicular to the long bone. The Volkmann canals allow for interaction b/w adjacent Haversian canals
What surrounds the bone?
Periosteum
What are the two major components of bone?
- Mineralized matrix - Hydroxyapatite
- Organic matrix - primarily Type I collage
What are the 4 cells types in bone?
- Osteoprogenitor
- Osteoblast
- Osteocyte
- Osteoclast
Briefly describe the process of mineralization
Deposition of osteoid followed by mineralization
What ultimately controls the activation/maturation/differentiation of the osteoclast?
Osteoblast
What cells respond to mechanical forces and are regulators of bone remodeling?
Osteocytes
What are the exclusive bone resorptive cells?
Osteoclasts
In what space do osteoclasts reside?
Howship lacunae
What inhibits absorption by the osteoclasts?
Any bone that is lined by osteoid or unmineralized cartilage
What is the bone-remodeling unit?
Functional coupling of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Lammellar and woven (either may be mineralized or unmineralized)
What is the name of unmineralized bone?
Osteoid
What type of bone in the adult is abnormal?
Anything other than Lamellar bone
What is woven bone?
Bone with an irregular arrangement of type I collagen fibers, numerous osteocytes, and variation in osteocyte size and shape
What does woven bone presence in an adult indicate?
Reactive tissue has been produced in response to some stress on the bone
What are the components of cartilage?
- Type II collagen
- Proteoglycans - made up of glycosaminoglycans
- Hydroxyapatite crystals
- Water
Three types of cartilage?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
Describe the activating factor that is important for chondrocyte maturation.
SOX9 activates chondroblasts to become chondrocytes
What transcription factor is present in cartilaginous neoplasms?
SOX9
