Joints: Classification and Structures Flashcards
What is a diarthrodial joint?
Synovial joint (movable joint)
What is a synarthrosis?
Joint that has little movement
What is a symphysis?
Articulation joined by fibrocartilaginous tissue and firm ligaments that allows little movement (Symphysis pubis at the ends of vertebral joints)
What is A synchondrosis?
Synarthrotic joint that is found at the end of bones and has articular cartilage but is not associated with synovium or a significant joint cavity (manubrium)
What is a syndesmosis?
Connects bones by fibrous tissue without any cartilaginous elements
What is a synostosis?
Pathologic bony bridge b/w bones (anklyosis of the spine)
What are the four types of synovial joints and give examples
- Uniaxial joint (elbow)
- Biaxial joint (wrist)
- Polyaxial joint (shoulder)
- Plane joint (patella)
What is the general princple that applies to joints in terms of injury/insult?
Insult to one component of the joint, the resulting dysfunction can lead to degeneration of other components of the joint.
What is arthritis?
Joint inflammation, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and sometimes change in structure
Two types of arthritis?
Inflammatory and noninflammatory
What is the disease in which lack of movement causes crippling?
Arthrogryposis
What are the two types of cells in the synovium, and what do they do?
- Type A - macrophages with lysosomal enzymes
- Type B - Secrete Hyaluronic acid
What is the job of the synovium?
- Control diffusion in and out of the joint
- Ingestion of debris
- Secrete hyaluronate, Igs and lysosomal enzymes
- lubrication of joints by secreting glycopeptides
What are the four zones of the articular cartilage from superficial to deep?
- Tanagential/Gliding Zone
- Transitional Zone
- Radial Zone
- Calcified Zone
What is the calcified zone separated from the radial zone by?
Transverse, undulating, heavily calcified blue line called the tidemark
