Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
how can we alter/improve reproduction?
artificial/in vitro insemination
why do we alter/improve reproduction?
species control
what are the five stages of male reproduction (sperm cycle)
- sperm production
- sperm maturation
- sperm storage
- sperm packaging
- sperm delivery
what is sperm production called?
spermatogenesis
where does sperm production take place?
in the testes
what is the male primary sex organ
testes
what structures make up the testes?
seminiferous tubules, scrotal sac, and endocrine and exocrine glands
what do the seminiferous tubules do?
they are where the sperm mature
what does the scrotal sac do?
thermal regulation, by raising or lowering testes and through blood vessels, AND protection
what do the endocrine and exocrine glands of the testes do?
hormone and sperm production
what are the three regions of a sperm cell?
head, midpiece, and tail
what does the head of sperm do?
houses nucleus (DNA)
what does the midpiece of sperm do?
houses mitochondria (energy!)
what does the tail of sperm do?
acts as a propeller for movement
are all sperm perfect?
no, there’s lots of possible defects
name some sperm defects
two tails, broken tail, crooked/hooked tail
what specific cells produce testosterone in the testes?
Leydig cells
what specific cells produce estrogen in the testes?
Sertoli cells
where does sperm mature and get stored?
epididymis
what happens to the sperm in the epididymis head and body?
transport and maturation
is the sperm fully motile once it reaches the epididymis?
no
when can sperm technically bond to an oocyte?
once it reaches the epididymis body
what happens to sperm in the epididymis tail?
storage/ejaculation
where is sperm packaged?
in the accessory glands
what does it mean for sperm to be packaged?
sperm turns to semen as accessory fluids are added
what does the vas deferens do?
SPERM TRANSPORT ONLY, from epididymis for ejaculation
what are the three accessory glands?
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethra
what are the seminal vesicles also called?
vesicular glands
what is the bulbourethra also called?
Cowper’s gland
what is semen?
sperm and accessory fluids
describe a boar’s accessory glands
has all 3, very large vesicular glands
what is special about a dog’s accessory glands?
they only have a prostate gland
what two accessory glands do cats have?
prostate and bulbourethra
what organ is responsible for semen delivery?
the penis
what are the two types of penis?
vascular and fibrous
describe a vascular penis and list two animals who have it
lots of corpus cavernosum, less tunica albuginea; stallions and dogs
describe a fibrous penis and list two animals who have it
less corpus cavernosum, more tunica albuginea; bulls and rams
what is an os penis and name three animals who have it?
penis bone! called a Baculum; dogs, raccoons, walruses
what is the glans penis and is everyone’s the same?
the structure at the distal end of the penis, varies by species
what does a boar’s glans penis look like?
a corkscrew
what does a ram’s glans penis look like?
a urethral process at the end
what does an aplaca’s glans penis look like?
spikey
what does a cat’s glans penis look like?
lots of little spikes
what is special about the avian male reproductive tract?
sperm goes from the vas deferens directly to the cloaca and the out to the female
